Nadzor nad zasebnimi vojaškimi podjetji

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

David Javernik (Author), Andrej Sotlar (Mentor)

Abstract

Prvi zapisi o najemanju tujcev, ki so nudili svoje usluge v boju, segajo v čas več kot 2000 let pred našim štetjem. Od takrat naprej so se najemniški vojaki pojavljali v vseh zgodovinskih obdobjih, sprva kot posamezniki – plačanci, kasneje pa so se pričeli združevati in nastala so prva zasebna vojaška podjetja. Danes so zasebna vojaška podjetja pomemben akter pri zagotavljanju svetovne varnosti, njihovih storitev se poslužuje vedno več držav in različnih nevladnih organizacij, predvsem za podporne in varnostne naloge. Dejstvo je, da države ali organizacije niso same zmožne zagotavljati varnosti ali pa potrebujejo pomoč, da se same lahko posvetijo drugim dejavnostim, kot so npr. bojne naloge. Na ta varnostni pojav države zakonodajno niso bile pripravljene, zato so sprva podjetja delovala v nekakšni pravni praznini. To je bil tudi razlog, da je s strani teh podjetij oz. osebja prihajalo do velikega števila incidentov in do kršitev človekovih pravic in mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, za kar pa ni nihče odgovarjal. V odgovor so države, na podlagi trenutnih varnostnih vprašanj, pričele sprejemati ustrezne zakone za ureditev in nadzor nad varnostno industrijo. V pomoč jim je bil tudi Dokument iz Montreuxa. Čeprav ni pravno zavezujoč, daje državam smernice in usmeritve, da na tem področju sprejmejo ustrezne ukrepe na nacionalni ravni ter tako izpolnijo svoje obveznosti po mednarodnem pravu. Nasprotno pa v mednarodnem okolju še vedno obstaja pravna praznina na področju ureditve in nadzora zasebnih vojaških podjetij. To področje skuša urediti Delovna skupina o uporabi plačancev OZN z novo konvencijo, saj dosedanja dva mednarodna pravna akta nista zadostna za zasebna vojaška podjetja.

Keywords

vojaška podjetja;zasebna vojaška podjetja;organizacija;nadzor;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2015
Source:	[Ljubljana
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	D. Javernik]
UDC:	355/359(043.2)
COBISS:	2960106
Views:	1126
Downloads:	157
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	The first records of contracting foreigners who offer their services in the battles, go back more than 2000 years BC. From then on, private actors occurred in all historical periods, first as individuals - mercenaries, but later they began to unite and the first private military companies were formed. Today, the private military companies are a major actor in global security, their services are used by an increasing number of countries and various non-governmental organizations, in particular for the support and security tasks. The reason for this lies in the fact that the countries or organizations are not able itself to provide security or they need help to get themselves more attention to other activities, such as combat missions. For this security phenomenon, states were not ready with their legislation, so the companies initially operated in some kind of a legal vacuum. This was also the reason that by these companies and their staff came to a large number of incidents and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, for which usually no one answered. In response the countries, on the basis of a current security concerns, began to adopt the relevant laws for the regulation and oversight of security industry. To help them there was also Montreux document. Although it is not a legally binding, the document gives states guidelines and directions, that they can take appropriate measures at the national level in order to comply with their obligations under international law relating to private military companies. On the contrary, in the international environment there is still a legal vacuum in the area of regulation and oversight of private military companies. This area seeks to regulate the UN The Working Group on the use of mercenaries with the new convention, since so far two international legal instruments are not sufficient for a private military companies.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	62 str.
ID:	8751948