Država kot subjekt mednarodnega prava

diplomsko delo

Alja Tretjak (Author), Matjaž Tratnik (Mentor)

Abstract

Država je glavni subjekt mednarodnega prava. Pomembno vlogo pri nastajanju države kot subjekta mednarodnega prava ima eno izmed splošnih načel mednarodnega prava, to je pravico do samoodločbe. Pravica do samoodločbe pa je le odskočna deska naroda, da lahko ustanovi lastno državo. Da država nastane, morajo biti izpolnjeni štirje kriteriji iz Konvencije iz Montevidea. Za uspešno sodelovanje z drugimi državami pa je pomembno priznanje drugih držav. Dokler je ne priznajo, sicer obstaja, vendar ji samo dejstvo obstoja nič ne pomaga, če druge države z njo niso pripravljene sodelovati. Država je subjekt mednarodnega prava, je suverena, kar pomeni, da ima samo ona nadzor nad svojim ozemljem in se nima nihče pravice vmešavati v njene notranje zadeve. Ko nastopa v taki vlogi nosilke oblasti, uživa imuniteto, kar pomeni, da v teh primerih ne more biti tožena pred tujimi sodnimi organi. Poleg držav pa mednarodno pravo priznava kot subjekte mednarodnega prava tudi druga telesa, vendar vsa ne uživajo enako mero subjektivitete. Države določijo, kolikšno mero subjektivitete bo določeno telo uživalo. Največjo mero subjektivitete države ponavadi prenesejo na mednarodne organizacije, na katere lahko prenesejo tudi del svoje suverenosti. Taka suverena država se že več desetletij trudi postati tudi Zahodna Sahara, vendar na tej njeni poti uresničitve pravice do samoodločbe vedno znova prihaja do določenih ovir. Organizacija združenih narodov ji skuša pomagati, vendar so njene članice tudi države, ki se z osamosvojitvijo ne strinjajo, oziroma temu ostro nasprotujejo. Kar pa Organizaciji združenih narodov preprečuje učinkovitejšo pomoč temu narodu pri uresničitvi pravice do samoodločbe, ki je tudi eno izmed temeljnih načel organizacije, in jo torej s tem ovirajo pri izpolnjevanju svojih načel zapisanih tudi v Ustanovni listini.

Keywords

mednarodno pravo;subjekti mednarodnega prava;država;pravica do samoodločbe;priznanje države;suverenost;imuniteta;Zahodna Sahara;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2015
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[A. Tretjak]
UDC:	341.46(043.2)
COBISS:	5049387
Views:	1688
Downloads:	266
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	STATE AS A SUBJECT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Secondary abstract:	A state is the main subject of the international law. A state’s right of self-determination is one of the basic principles of the international law and has a very important role in the emergence of new states. Nation's right to self-determination is only the first step toward emerging a new state. Four criteria of Montevideo Convention must be applied to emerge a new state. Newly emerged state must be recognized by other states to collaborate with them. The state may exist before it is recognized by other states, however, the sole existence does not benefit the state, if other countries are not willing to cooperate with the newly emerged state. A state is sovereign, which means that it is the only state that has control over its territory and that others have no right to inference into its internal affairs. When a state uses the right of a sovereign state it has immunity, which means that the state can not be defendant before a foreign judicial authorities. Along with the states, international law also recognizes other subjects as subjects of the international law, but they do not have the same degree of personality. States determine the degree of personality for other subjects of the international law. Usually, they delegate the highest degree of the personality to the international organizations, and they may even delegate some of their sovereignty to those organizations. Western Sahara is a state that has been trying to become a sovereign state for several decades, but they have problems with obtaining rights of self-determination. The United Nations have been trying to help Western Sahara, however, some of their member states strongly oppose. Due to the opposition of the member states, the United Nations can not succesfully execute Western Sahara's right of self-determination, which is otherwise one of the fundamental principles of the United Nations.
Secondary keywords:	subjects of international law;a state;the right of self-determination;recognition of the state;sovereignty;immunity;Western Sahara.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	42 f.
ID:	8887758