Nujna pot s poudarkom na aktualni sodni praksi

diplomsko delo

Sara Knez (Author), Renato Vrenčur (Mentor)

Abstract

Nujna pot je pojavna oblika ene izmed 4 izvedenih stvarnih pravic, in sicer služnosti. Natančneje spada nujna pot med stvarne služnosti. Stvarnopravni zakonik (v nadaljevanju SPZ) kot slovenski matični predpis na področju stvarnega prava tako v 211. (Nastanek služnosti) kot v 214. členu (Nastanek stvarne služnosti) kot pravne podlage za nastanek stvarne služnosti taksativno določa zakon, pravni posel in odločbo državnega organa. Nujna pot nastane na slednji način, torej z odločbo državnega organa, natančneje sodišča; konkretno v časovnem smislu pa z dnem, ko postane sodna odločba pravnomočna. Kaj konkretno pa si naj predstavljamo pod izrazom nujna pot? Če zopet izhajamo iz tega, da je nujna pot po svoji naravi oz. vsebini stvarna služnost, pride v poštev 1. odstavek 213. člena SPZ, ki opredeljuje stvarno služnost kot pravico lastnika nepremičnine (gospodujoča stvar), izvrševati za njene potrebe določena dejanja na tuji nepremičnini (pozitivna služnost) ali zahtevati od lastnika služeče stvari, da opušča določena dejanja, ki bi jih sicer imel pravico izvrševati na svoji nepremičnini (negativna služnost). Nujna pot spada med pozitivne služnosti, saj sodišče dovoli njeno vzpostavitev za nepremičnino, ki nima za redno rabo potrebne zveze z javno cesto ali pa bi bila taka zveza povezana z nesorazmernimi stroški , kar pomeni predvsem, da dobi gospodujoča nepremičnina pot do javne ceste preko tuje (služeče) nepremičnine. Ker nujna pot poteka preko vsaj ene (tuje) nepremičnine, ki je po logiki stvari sosednja, so določbe o nujni poti v SPZ nomotehnično umeščene v oddelek Sosedsko pravo. Institut nujne poti pa izhodiščno predstavlja konkretizacijo 67. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije , ki določa, da zakon določa način pridobivanja in uživanja lastnine tako, da je zagotovljena njena gospodarska, socialna in ekološka funkcija. V zvezi z nujno potjo je mišljeno predvsem uživanje lastnine, saj lastnik nepremičnine, kljub temu da mu lastninska pravica daje nad objektom le-te teoretično najvišjo možno, absolutno oblast, znotraj te oblasti ni popolnoma svoboden. Tako je zato, ker so nepremičnine kot prostorsko odmerjeni del zemeljske površine omejena naravna danost, ki so prav zaradi te svoje omejenosti in posebnega pomena podvržene posebnemu režimu.

Keywords

stvarno pravo;nujna pot;stvarna služnost;gospodujoča nepremičnina;služeča nepremičnina;odločba sodišča;redna raba;zveza z javno cesto;nesorazmerni stroški;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2015
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[S. Knez]
UDC:	347.26(043.2)
COBISS:	5076523
Views:	1766
Downloads:	203
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Way of necessity focusing on the topical case law
Secondary abstract:	The way of necessity is a form of one of 4 derived real rights, namely easement. Specifically, it is a real easement. Article 211 (Creation of Easement) and Article 214 (Creation of Real Easement) of the Law of Property Code (hereinafter: the SPZ), which is the fundamental regulation on law of property in Slovenia, itemise the law, legal transaction and decision of a national authority as the legal bases for the creation of real easement. The way of necessity is created in the latter case, namely by a decision of a national authority (court, to be specific); specifically, in temporal terms, on the day the court decision becomes final. What exactly is to be understood by the way of necessity term? If we consider the way of necessity to be real easement by its nature or content, Article 213, paragraph 1 of the SPZ can be applied, defining real easement as the right of the owner of real property (dominant estate), performing for its need certain acts on foreign real property (positive easement) or requiring the owner of the servient estate to omit certain acts that they would otherwise have the right to perform on their real property (negative easement). The way of necessity is a positive easement, since the court allows it to be established over real property, the regular use of which does not require connection to a public road , which above all means that the dominant estate gains access to public road over foreign (servient) real property. Since the way of necessity runs over at least one (foreign) real estate, which by logic is the neighbouring one, the provisions of the SPZ on the way of necessity are nomotechnically categorised under the chapter of the law on good neighbourliness. The institute of the way of necessity presents as the basis the concretisation of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia , stipulating that the manner in which property is acquired and enjoyed shall be established by law so as to ensure its economic, social and environmental function. In relation to the way of necessity, this above all refers to enjoyment of property, because the owner of real estate, even though, in theory, the property right gives them the highest possible, absolute power, is not completely free within this power. The reason is that real estate, being a spatially apportioned part of earth surface, is a limited natural resource and because of this limitation and special importance it is subject to a special regime.
Secondary keywords:	way of necessity;real easement;dominant estate;servient estate;decision of a national authority;regular use;connection to a public road;disproportionate costs;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	37 f. + [1] str. pril.
ID:	9055611