diplomsko delo
Mitja Močilar (Author), Rudi Verovnik (Mentor)

Abstract

V diplomski nalogi sem preučeval razširjenost mirmekofilnega metulja sviščevega mravljiščarja (Maculinea alcon) v Sloveniji, njegovo ogroženost in načine s katerimi bi ogroženost zmanjšali. M. alcon, kot tudi vse vrste metuljev iz rodu Maculinea, ima zelo kompleksen življenjski krog v katerem je odvisen od specifične hranilne rastline in specifične vrste gostiteljske mravlje. Če katerega od teh dveh virov hrane na območju kjer živi ni, bo vrsta tam izumrla. Razlog za odsotnost gostiteljskih rastlin, deloma pa tudi mravelj, je najpogosteje povezan z negativnimi človeškimi vplivi na njihov življenjski prostor. Zaradi spremembe v kmetijski rabi (opuščanje, intenzifikacija), je v nekaterih evropskih državah vrsta izumrla, v drugih pa je ogrožena. V Sloveniji ga uvrščamo na seznam zavarovanih vrst ter na Rdeči seznam, kjer ima oznako E ( prizadeta vrsta). Raziskavo razširjenosti M. alcon smo izvedeli v treh časovnih obdobjih ( <1950, 1950-1999,>1999) s pomočjo metod celotne in dejanske razširjenosti. Rezultati teh metod so presenetljivi, saj nakazujejo veliko povečanje razširjenosti vrste v Sloveniji. To je v nasprotju s terenskimi raziskavami o M. alcon, ki kažejo, da se njegova ogroženost v Evropi povečuje. Razlog za nasprotujoče si rezultate je gotovo neenakomerno vzorčenje, saj so bile sistematske raziskave razširjenosti te vrste pri nas opravljene šele po letu 1999. Ogroženost M. alcon bi lahko zmanjšali s kasnejšo košnjo (v septembru), ko so gosenice že varno v mravljiščih ali z zakonsko omejitvijo uporabe pesticidov in gnojil. M. alcon je zelo pomembna vrsta metulja, saj je dober bioindikator za ohranjene travniške habitate, kjer živijo tudi druge ogrožene živalske in rastlinske vrste, zato je vredno, da se potrudimo za njeno preživetje.

Keywords

Maculinea;Phengaris;M. alcon;mirmekofilija;razširjenost;naravovarstvo;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [M. Močilar]
UDC: 57:59(043.2)
COBISS: 10725193 Link will open in a new window
Views: 604
Downloads: 143
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Biology and endangerment of Alcon Blue (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Slovenia
Secondary abstract: In my thesis I have studied the distribution of the myrmecophilous butterfly Alcon Blue (Maculinea alcon) in Slovenia, its endangerment and means of reducing its endangerment. M. alcon has a very complex life cycle, in which it is dependent on the specific host-plant and the specific species of host-ant. If any of the two hosts disappear from its habitat, the species will become extinct. The reason for the loss of the host-plants and partly for the absence of the host-ant, is usually connected to the negative human impact. In some European countries extinction or endangerment of M. alcon has risen due to changes in farming practices (abandoning, intensification). In Slovenia it is classified as a protected species and it is listed on the Slovenian Red list as endangered (E). I have compared the distribution in three different time periods (<1950, 1950-1999, >1999), using the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy approach. Results were surprising, indicating the increase of distribution of M. alcon in Slovenia. In contradiction, the field studies of M. alcon indicate increasing endangerment in whole Europe. The reason for the mismatching results is most certainly uneven sampling as the systematic surveys of species distribution in Slovenia were carried out only after the year 1999. The endangerment of M. alcon could be reduced with postponed mowing (in September), when the caterpillars are already safely in the anthills. M. alcon is a very interesting indicator species that strongly contributes to ecological stability in habitats where other threatened plant or animal species co-occur and I believe that is a good enough reason to make an effort to maintain its existence.
Secondary keywords: biology;zoology;biologija;zoologija;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Biologija in kemija
Pages: 23 str.
ID: 9055790