Zastrupitve s plini

Abstract

Le 5,5 % vseh zastrupitev je posledica zastrupitve z vdihavanjem strupenih snovi (plinov, hlapov, par ali aerosolov), največ zaradi dražečih ali dušljivih plinov. Po resorpciji skozi dihala se v telesu metabolizirajo pod vplivom metabolnih procesov. Izločijo se z izdihanim zrakom skozi pljuča (ogljikov monoksid, cianidi, vodikov sulfid) ali v spremenjeni obliki s sečem ali blatom. Enostavni dušljivci (ogljikov dioksid) povzročajo v visokih koncentracijah anoksično, kemični dušljivci (ogljikov monoksid, žveplovodik, cianidi) pa tkivno hipoksijo. Največ smrtnih primerov je zaradi akutne zastrupitve z ogljikovim monoksidom, ki lahko povzroča tudi pozne nevrološke okvare. Dražeči vodotopni ali v maščobah topni plini dražijo sluznice dihal in so pogosto vzrok akutnih in kroničnih zastrupitev v industriji, gospodinjstvih in prometu. Ob lokalnem draženju (kašelj, hripavost, težka sapa, traheobronhitis, edem glasilk, akutna zapora zgornjih dihal, kemični pnevmonitis, toksični pljučni edem) povzročajo tudi sistemske učinke, kot so glavobol, slabost, bruhanje, zmedenost, omotičnost, v hudih primerih celo nezavest, zastoj dihanja in prekatne, življenje ogrožajoče aritmije. Pri oskrbi bolnika je prvi ukrep odstranitev zastrupljenca s kontaminiranega področja, nato vzdrževanje življenjskih funkcij, vključno z dajanjem kisika, protistrupa in simptomatskim zdravljenjem.

Keywords

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Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2009
Typology:	1.02 - Review Article
Organization:	UM - University of Maribor
UDC:	615.9
COBISS:	3297855
ISSN:	0025-8121
Parent publication:	Medicinski razgledi
Views:	1885
Downloads:	94
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Gas poisoning
Secondary abstract:	5.5% of all intoxications occur as a consequence of inhaling a toxic substance (gases, fumes, vapours or aerosols), in particular asphyxiant and irritant gases. Gases are absorbed through the lungs and are metabolized or biochemically transformed in the body under the influence of various enzymatic processes. They are excreted by the lungs (carbon monoxide, cyanides,hydrogen sulphide) or through the kidney and stool. Simple asphyxiants (carbon dioxide) cause anoxic hypoxia in high concentrations, whereas chemical asphyxiants (carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, cyanides) cause tissue hypoxia. Most of the lethal cases are the consequence of acute carbon monoxide poisoning, which can also result in late neurological sequelae. Water- or less water-soluble irritant gases primarily irritate the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and are a frequent cause of acute and chronic poisonings in industry, households and traffic. In addition to local irritant effect such as cough, hoarseness, dyspnea, tracheobronchitis, glottis edema, acute upper airway obstruction, chemical pneumonitis and toxic pulmonary edema, they can also cause systemic effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion and dizziness, and in severe cases even respiratory arrest and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. In all gas poisonings, removal of the victim from the contaminated area is the first measure, followed by basic and advanced life support, including oxygen therapy, and the administration of antidotes and symptomatic therapy.
Secondary keywords:	Gas Poisoning;therapy;Zastrupitve s plini;Zdravljenje;Carbon Monoxide Poisoning;Ogljikov monoksid, zastrupitev;Asphyxia;Asfiksija;Cyanides;Cianidi;Irritants;Iritanti;
URN:	URN:NBN:SI
Type (COBISS):	Not categorized
Pages:	str. 69-76
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ48
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ1/2
Chronology:	2009
ID:	9104009