analysis of employment practices
Barbara Oprčkal (Author), Sonja Sibila Lebe (Mentor), Alenka Kavkler (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Dlje trajajoča gospodarska kriza zadnjih let je sodobni trg dela še dodatno oslabila. Manjše zaposlitvene možnosti, slaba ekonomska situacija in spremenjeni trg dela so imeli močan vpliv na brezposelnost povsod po svetu. Neskladje med ponudbo in povpraševanjem na trgu dela je povzročilo, da so nastale skupine brezposelnih oseb, ki so za delodajalce za zaposlovanje manj zanimive. Brezposelnost med mladimi se je zelo povečala, tako da je le-ta postala globalni problem. Z njo se ukvarjajo številne države, nekatere bolj in nekatere manj uspešno. V prvem delu magistrske naloge smo opredelili ponudbo in povpraševanje na trgu dela. Slednje se je v zadnjih letih močno zmanjšalo, kar je imelo za posledico povečano brezposelnost. Opredelili smo brezposelnost in predstavili kritične skupine brezposelnih oseb, kjer smo poudarek usmerili na mlade brezposelne, ki so osrednja tema magistrske naloge. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili značilnosti mladih na trgu dela, ki jih v veliki meri opredeljuje mladost in z njo povezano pomanjkanje delovnih izkušenj. Hitro se znajdejo v začaranem krogu, saj jim po eni strani delovnih izkušenj primanjkuje, po drugi strani pa nimajo možnosti, da bi si jih pridobili. Vendar pa je dovzetnost za spremembe, inovativnost in novejše znanje na sodobnem fleksibilnem trgu dela njihova konkurenčna prednost pred ostalimi iskalci zaposlitve. Problematično skupino mladih na trgu dela predstavljajo osipniki, saj so šolanje zapustili, preden so zaključili srednješolsko izobrazbo in dolgotrajno brezposelni mladi, ki so zaradi samega stanja na zahtevnem trgu dela še v slabšem položaju. V empiričnem delu smo analizirali razlike med spoloma v stopnji dolgotrajne brezposelnosti mladih v Sloveniji in Avstriji. Tako v Sloveniji kot Avstriji statistično značilnih razlik v stopnji dolgotrajne brezposelnosti mladih med spoloma nismo ugotovili. Problematična pa ostaja stopnja brezposelnosti nižje izobraženih mladih, ki je v Sloveniji statistično značilno višja kot v Avstriji. Analiza podatkov med državama pa ni pokazala statistično značilnih razlik v stopnji zaposlenosti mladih s terciarno izobrazbo. Neizkoriščen potencial mladih prinaša ekonomski problem neizkoriščenih dragocenih virov. Socialne posledice, ki jih prinaša brezposelnost, pa mladega iskalca zaposlitve lahko dolgoročno zaznamujejo. Izobraževalni sistem ima velik vpliv na zaposlovanje mladih, zaposljivost mladih po zaključenem izobraževanju pa je pomemben produkt izobraževalnega sistema. Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje je glavni akter na trgu dela, kot tudi glavni izvajalec aktivne politike zaposlovanja. Ker so mladi ena izmed bolj izpostavljenih skupin na trgu dela, je reševanju njihove brezposelnosti namenjenih več ukrepov zaposlovanja. Jamstvo za mlade, kot program za reševanje brezposelnosti mladih v državah članicah EU, stremi k izboljševanju položaja mladih na trgu dela in predstavlja ukrepe, ki izboljšujejo zaposljivost mladih na trgu dela. Prav tako je program naravnan k uresničevanju ciljev desetletne strategije Evropa 2020, ki je namenjena premagovanju krize in okrevanju gospodarstva v EU. Avstrija se z brezposelnostjo mladih spopada bistveno bolj uspešno kot Slovenija. V empiričnem delu smo ugotovili, da je bila stopnja brezposelnosti mladih po gospodarski krizi v Sloveniji skoraj za polovico višja kot v Avstriji. Prav tako je tudi zaposlenost mladih v enakem obdobju v Sloveniji skoraj polovico nižja. Za Slovenijo je značilno podaljšano izobraževanje, kar pomeni kasnejši vstop mladih na trg dela. Prav tako podaljševanje izobraževanja mladih povzroča dodatne stroške za državo. Da visokošolska izobrazba ni več garancija za zaposlitev, kaže tudi visoka brezposelnost mladih v tej skupini, ki je v Sloveniji bistveno višja kot v Avstriji.

Keywords

trg dela;brezposelnost;zaposlovanje;mladi;izobraževalni sistemi;politika zaposlovanja;primerjalna analiza;Slovenija;Avstrija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: [B. Oprčkal]
UDC: 331.5(497.4:436)(043.2)
COBISS: 12482076 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Unemployment among Slovene and Austrian youth
Secondary abstract: Long-lasting economic crisis in recent years has even weakened the contemporary labour market. Less job opportunities, poor economic situation and changes in the labour market had a strong impact on unemployment worldwide. Disparities between supply and demand in the labour market have resulted in a group of unemployed young people being less interesting for employers. Youth unemployment has highly increased and became a global problem. Many countries deal with this kind of problem, some more and some less successfully. In the first part of master's thesis we define supply and demand in the labour market. The latter has significantly decreased in recent years, which resulted in the increased unemployment. We also define unemployment and present the critical groups of unemployed, focusing on young unemployed people as the main topic of the master's thesis. Further, we define the characteristics of young people in the labour market who are characterized by youth as such and the lack of working experience. They quickly find themselves in a vicious cycle as they lack of work experience on one hand and do not have the possibility to acquire it on the other. However, susceptibility to changes, capacity for innovation and newer knowledge in the modern flexible labour market are their competitive advantages over other job seekers. A problematic group of young people in the labour market is represented by high school dropouts who leave school before reaching secondary education, as well as by long-term unemployed young people, having an even worse position due to their status in the demanding labour market. In the empirical part we analysed gender differences in the rate of youth long-term unemployment in Slovenia and Austria. We did not find statistically significant gender differences of youth long-term unemployment rate in both countries. Youth unemployment rate still remains critical among young people with lower education level, which is in Slovenia statistically significantly higher than in Austria. The data analysis between the two countries showed no statistically significant differences in the employment rate of young people with tertiary education. Untapped potential of young people lead to economic problem of unused valuable resources. Social consequences of unemployment can stigmatize a young job seeker in the long run. The education system as a factor has a major impact on youth unemployment, and young people's employability following the completion of education is an important product of educational system itself. Employment service of Slovenia is a major player in the labour market as well as the main contractor of active labour market policy. Since young people are one of the most vulnerable groups in the labour market there are several employment measures tackling youth unemployment. Youth Guarantee, a programme to fight youth unemployment in the EU member states, aims at improving the status of young people in the labour market and brings measures, which improve the employability of young people. The programme is also aimed at fulfilling the objectives of a ten-year strategy Europe 2020, designed for overcoming the crisis and economic recovery in the EU. Austria is far more successful in tackling youth unemployment than Slovenia. In the empirical part we found out that the youth unemployment rate following the economic crisis in Slovenia is almost a half higher than in Austria. In the same period, the youth employment in Slovenia is almost half that of Austria. Slovenia is characterized by extended education, which means later entry of young people into the labour market. Prolonged education also brings additional costs for the state. Higher education is no longer a guarantee for employment, which is evidenced in the high unemployment rate within this group. In Slovenia this rate is significantly higher than in Austria.
Secondary keywords: Labour market;unemployment;youth unemployment;education system;Active Labour Market Policy;youth unemployment in Slovenia;youth unemployment in Austria;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: V, 99 str.
ID: 9137181