Komunikacija oseb z motnjami avtističnega spektra

magistrsko delo

Abstract

Motnje avtističnega spektra so vse življenje trajajoče razvojno nevrološke motnje, za katere so značilni primanjkljaji v socialni interakciji in socialni komunikaciji ter prisotnost omejenih in ponavljajočih se vedenj. Za osebe z motnjami avtističnega spektra so značilne tudi posebnosti v senzornem doživljanju sveta. V magistrskem delu obravnavamo posebnosti komunikacije oseb z motnjami avtističnega spektra. Težave na tem področju so prisotne v različnih stopnjah in oblikah. Osebe z motnjami avtističnega spektra za izražanje svojih potreb in želja pogosto ne zmorejo razviti konvencionalnih oblik komunikacijskega vedenja, zato pa lahko za sporazumevanje razvijejo nekonvencionalne (neobičajne) ali neprimerne oblike vedenja. V empiričnem delu magistrskega dela smo raziskali komunikacijske sposobnosti oseb z motnjami avtističnega spektra in motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Diagnosticirati motnje avtističnega spektra ni lahko, še posebno, če so prisotne tudi motnje v duševnem razvoju. Diagnoza motnje avtističnega spektra temelji na vedenju, ki ni specifično le za osebe z motnjami avtističnega spektra. Z magistrskim delom smo poskušali identificirati kriterije, ki ločujejo osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju in motnjami avtističnega spektra od oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju brez motenj avtističnega spektra. Za potrebe raziskave smo oblikovali priložnostni vzorec 94 oseb. Vse vključene osebe imajo motnje v duševnem razvoju in so vključene v CUDV Dolfke Boštjančič, Draga. 47 oseb ima motnje avtističnega spektra in 47 oseb teh motenj nima. Za potrebe raziskave smo sestavili ocenjevalni list, s pomočjo katerega smo zbrali podatke o komunikaciji, vedenju in senzornem doživljanju sveta. Ugotovili smo, da se komunikacija oseb z motnjami avtističnega spektra in motnjami v duševnem razvoju statistično pomembno razlikuje od komunikacije oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki nimajo motenj avtističnega spektra. Skupini se najpomembneje razlikujeta v prilagajanju na spremembe, odzivih na senzorne dražljaje in pri združeni pozornosti. Na stopnjo razvitosti komunikacije pomembno vplivata mentalna starost in stopnja izraženosti motenj avtističnega spektra, spol pa nima pomembnega vpliva na stopnjo razvoja komunikacije. Ocenjevalni list, ki smo ga oblikovali za potrebe raziskave, je zanesljiv in veljaven merski instrument, ki nam omogoča diferencialno diagnostiko pri osebah z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Dobro ločuje med osebami z motnjami v duševnem razvoju in motnjami avtističnega spektra in osebami z motnjami v duševnem razvoju brez motenj avtističnega spektra.

Keywords

motnje avtističnega spektra;vedenje;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher:	[N. Jerič]
UDC:	616.896(43.2)
COBISS:	11064137
Views:	1182
Downloads:	143
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The communication of people with autism spectrum disoredrs
Secondary abstract:	Autism spectrum disorders are life-lasting developmental neurological disorders, which are characterized by deficits in social interaction and social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. For people with autism spectrum disorders are typical also particularities in their sensor experience of the world. The master’s thesis discusses features in communication of people with autism spectrum disorders. Problems in this area are present in varying degrees and forms. People with autism spectrum disorders for the expression of their needs and desires are often unable to develop conventional forms of communication behaviours, so they can develop unconventional (unusual) or inappropriate behaviour to communicate. In the empirical part of the master’s thesis we explored communication skills of people with autism spectrum disorders and mental disorder. It is not easy to diagnose autism spectrum disorders specially if severe learning disabilities are also presented. Diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders are based on evaluations of behaviours which are not specific for people with autism spectrum disorders. With the master’s thesis we tried to identify those criterions which distinguish between people with severe learning disabilities and autism spectrum disorders and people with severe learning disabilities who do not have autism spectrum disorders. For the purposes of the research, we designed a casual sample of 94 people. All included people have severe learning disabilities in the mental development and are included in the CUDV Dolfke Boštjančič, Draga. 47 people have an autism spectrum disorder and 47 people don’t have these disorders. For the purposes of the research, we have compiled an evaluation sheet, through which we gathered data about communication, behaviour and processing sensory information. We have stated that the communication of people with autism spectrum disorders and severe learning disabilities is statistically significantly different from the communication of people with severe learning disabilities who do not have autism spectrum disorders. The two groups most significantly differ in adapting to changes, responses to sensory stimuli and in shared attention. The level of sophistication of communications is strongly influenced by mental age and degree of autism spectrum disorders, whilst gender does not have a significant impact on the level of communication development. An evaluation sheet we compiled is a reliable and valid measurement instrument that allows us differential diagnosis among people with severe learning disabilities. It distinguishes people with severe learning disabilities and autism spectrum disorders from people with severe learning disabilities without autism spectrum disorders.
Secondary keywords:	autism;communication;avtizem;komunikacija;
File type:	application/pdf
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak.
Pages:	VI, 95 str.
ID:	9154533