Zadolžena zapuščina

magistrska naloga

Mirjana Horvat Pogorelec (Author), Vesna Rijavec (Mentor)

Abstract

V magistrski nalogi predstavljamo institut zadolžene zapuščine. Zapuščina – hereditas je predmet dedovanja in kot takšna predstavlja celoto vseh pravnih odnosov, vseh pravic in obveznosti, celoto aktive in pasive, ki na osnovi pravnih predpisov prehajajo na dediče. Zapustnikovi dediči v trenutku zapustnikove smrti vstopijo v vsa pravna razmerja zapustnika, v katerih se je nahajal v trenutku smrti. V primeru, da se je zapustnik v trenutku smrti nahajal tudi v pasivnih razmerjih, je zapustil zadolženo zapuščino. V praksi se pogosto dogaja, da dediči v trenutku zapustnikove smrti oz. tekom zapuščinske obravnave še niso seznanjeni z obstojem zapustnikove pasive. Slednje lahko povzroči precej težav, saj zapustnikovi dediči za zapustnikove obveznosti odgovarjajo pro viribus hereditas, torej z vsem svojim premoženjem, vendar omejeno do višine vrednosti podedovanega dednega deleža. Odgovornosti za zapustnikove obveznosti se lahko razbremenijo le tako, da se odpovedo dedovanju. Za dediče je zato zelo pomembno, da so v času podaje dedne izjave seznanjeni s celotno zapuščino. ZD ne pozna instituta convocatio creditorum – oklic upnikov, ki ga je poznal ODZ in ki je dedičem omogočal, da so se pred podajo dedne izjave seznanili s celotno zapuščino. ZD sicer pozna institut popisa in cenitve zapuščine, katerega namen je ugotovitev vrednosti zapuščine, vendar ta institut v praksi slovenskih sodišč ni zaživel. Prav tako ZD pozna institut ločitve zapuščine in stečaj zapuščine, s pomočjo katerih dediči dosežejo omejitev odgovornosti zgolj na zapuščino, vendar lahko ločitev zapuščine predlaga le upnik, stečaj zapuščine pa se izvede le v primeru, ko je zapuščina prezadolžena. Nemška dedno pravna ureditev ureja drugačno ureditev odgovornosti dedičev za zapustnikove obveznosti, dediči odgovarjajo za zapustnikove obveznosti ultra vires hereditas, torej neomejeno z vsem svojim premoženjem, imajo pa preko instituta popisa in cenitve zapuščine in upravitelja zapuščine, možnost doseči omejitev svoje odgovornosti zgolj na zapuščino. V magistrski nalogi smo preučili institut popisa in cenitve zapuščine, institut ločitve zapuščine, institut skrbnika zapuščine ter ostale s temi instituti povezane institute, sodno prakso zapuščinskega oddelka Okrajnega sodišča v Mariboru, nato pa svoje ugotovitve primerjali z ureditvijo teh ali podobnih institutov v nemški dedno pravni ureditvi. Po opravljeni primerjavi smo prišli do ugotovitev, da bi bilo treba v našo dedno pravno ureditev uvesti institut oklica upnikov, institut popisa in cenitve zapuščine spremenit v obvezno fazo zapuščinskega postopka v primeru zadolžene zapuščine, dedičem omogočiti podajo predloga za ločitev zapuščine in v primeru ločitve zapuščine urediti obvezno postavitev skrbnika zapuščine ter urediti njegovo odškodninsko odgovornost in odškodninsko odgovornost dedičev v primeru, da bi bili seznanjeni s prezadolženostjo zapuščine in ne bi predlagali stečaja zapuščine.

Keywords

dedno pravo;magistrske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[M. Horvat Pogorelec]
UDC:	347.65/.68(043.3)
COBISS:	5241899
Views:	1413
Downloads:	328
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The indebted legacy
Secondary abstract:	In my master's degree thesis we discuss about the indebted legacy. The legacy – hereditas – as inheritance presents the unit of all legal relations, rights and obligations that pass on inheritors based on legal regulations. In the moment of death of the testament writer the inheritors enter in all legal relations of the testament writer. In the case that the testament writer was in passive relations, he left the indebted legacy. It may happen that in the moment of death of the testament writer or during the process of probate proceedings the inheritors are not familiar with the existence of indebted legacy. This may cause many troubles because the inheritors are responsible pro viribus hereditas, which means with all their assets, but restricted, to the value of inherited share. Their responsibilities for the testament writer's obligations may be released by cancelling of legacy. It is very important for the inheritors to be cognizant in the time of testament writing of the legacy as a whole. »Zakon o dedovanju« is not familiar with the institution convocatio creditorum – the summon of creditors that was used by »Obči državljanski zakonik« that enables the inheritors to be familiar with legacy as a whole before the testament writing. »Zakon o dedovanju« used the institution of inventory and valuation of legacy with the aim of findings of legacy value, but this institution did not work at the Slovenian court. »Zakon o dedovanju« also uses the institution of the separation of legacy and the bankruptcy of legacy by which the inheritors may achieve the limitation of responsibilities, but the separation of legacy may be suggested only by creditors and the bankruptcy of legacy is made only when the legacy is over indebted. The German hereditary legal order regulates different responsibilities of inheritors for the testament writer's obligations, the inheritors are responsible ultra vires hereditas, which means unlimited with all their estate, but they have the possibility of limitation by the institution of inventory and valuation of legacy. In my master's degree thesis we were discussing the institution of inventory and valuation of legacy, the institution of separation of legacy, the institution of the guardian of legacy and the other connecting institutions, the court practice of the legacy department of The District Court Maribor. We were comparing our findings with the regulations of similar institutions in German hereditary legal order. After the comparison we found out that in our hereditary legal order the institution of the summon of creditors should be introduced as well as the institution of inventory and valuation should be changed into the obligatory phase of legacy proceeding in case of indebted legacy. Inheritors should be enabled to suggest the separation of legacy and in the case of separation of legacy the guardian of the legacy should be defined and to organize the restitution liability and the restitution liability of inheritors in case of being informed by overdebted legacy and not suggesting the bankruptcy of legacy.
Secondary keywords:	master thesis;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	155 f.
ID:	9157168