diplomsko delo
Jasmina Vengust Otorepec (Author), Rajko Knez (Mentor)

Abstract

Do leta 2020 bo vsaj 20 odstotkov bruto končne porabe energije v Evropski uniji potrebno proizvesti iz obnovljivih virov energije. V zadnjih letih se v določenih evropskih državah za proizvodnjo električne energije iz obnovljivih virov energije subjekti vse pogosteje povezujejo v energetske zadruge. Nemčija in Danska imata v tem pogledu najbolj izpopolnjeno zakonodajo, prav tako pa je v teh dveh državah tovrstna oblika naložb v OVE najbolj razširjena. Medtem, ko sta je Danska osredotočila predvsem na vetrno energijo, nemške zadruge uporabljajo bolj razpršen portfelj. Energetske zadruge so v tem trenutku optimalna pravna oblika, ki omogočajo preoblikovanje iz monopolnih energetskih korporacij v energetsko demokracijo, ter omogoča državljanom, da aktivno sodelujejo v projektih obnovljivih virov energije in energetske učinkovitosti. Model REScoop ima številne prednosti. Najpomembnejše so pozitivni vpliv na okolje, ustvarjanje lokalne vrednosti, premoženjsko pravni vidiki, ki prinašajo dobičke iz kapitala, pri tem pa omejujejo osebno odgovornost iz naslova poslovanja. Energetske zadruge so marsikje v Evropi družbeno najbolj sprejemljiva pravna oblika gospodarske družbe za obnovljive vire energije. Lokalno nasprotovanje projektom v obnovljive vire energije (tipično za vetrne turbine) se zmanjša, če je državljanom dana možnost, da vlagajo in uporabljajo del proizvodnje take naprave za lastne potrebe. Tako ima lokalno prebivalstvo poleg deleža pri dobičku tudi dostop do čiste energije po pošteni ceni. Namen energetskih zadrug je v povezovanju, da so v lasti velike skupine državljanov, kjer so naložbe posameznih članov finančno sprejemljive. Take zadruge koristijo lokalni skupnosti, ustanovljene so z namenom, da izpolnijo določene potrebe skupnosti. Običajno delijo del dobička s svojimi člani, ostanek pa uporabijo za razvoj novih projektov ali korist lokalne skupnosti kot celote. Nekatere energetske zadruge so na primer financirale gradnjo lokalne energetsko varčne večnamenske dvorane, druge pa so postavile točko polnjenja za električna kolesa. Tako imajo vsi lokalni prebivalci koristi od projektov in dobičkov, ki jih ustvarjajo. V Evropi imamo več kot 2.400 energetskih zadrug, tako imenovanih REScoops - renewable energy cooperatives, ki se nahajajo predvsem v zahodni Evropi. Cilj teh držav pa je vsaj še podvojiti njihovo število. V Vzhodni Evropi obstaja zelo malo energetskih zadrug, primarno zaradi neugodnih podpornih mehanizmov za naložbe obnovljive vire energije, in zato, ker ima beseda "zadruga" še vedno negativen prizvok in spominja na komunističen sistem. Največ energetskih zadrug je ustanovljenih v Nemčiji, Avstriji in na Danskem. Sledijo pa jim tudi druge države: Švedska, Belgija, Velika Britanija, Španija, Hrvaška… V Sloveniji strokovne vladne službe priznavajo, da tudi pri nas obstaja potencial za kreiranje in razvoj lokalnih energetskih zadrug za proizvodnjo in koriščenje energije iz obnovljivih virov energije. Vendar je praksa ustanavljanja energetskih zadrug slabo razvita.

Keywords

pravo varstva okolja;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [J. Vengust Otorepec]
UDC: 349(043.2)
COBISS: 5258027 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1219
Downloads: 126
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES COOPERATIVES
Secondary abstract: By 2020, at least 20 percent of the gross final consumption of energy in the European Union should be produced from renewable energy sources. The cooperative movement as such is not new, but has a long history in the agricultural and credit sector. Over the last years, energy cooperatives have become an important option for decentralized electricity production. The study revealed that while Denmark focus mostly on wind power as a source for their electricity generation, German cooperatives use a more diversified portfolio. REScoops are leading the energy transition to energy democracy, and make it possible for citizens to actively participate in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. The REScoop model has many advantages. The most important benefits associated with this organizational form are the positive environmental impact as well as local value creation, ownership aspects and the limitation of the individual liability. REScoops foster social acceptance for renewable energy Local opposition to renewable energy projects (typically wind turbines) decreases when citizens are given the opportunity to invest in and co-own the production installations. This is especially true when local citizens are involved from the very start of the project. Stakeholder involvement and direct citizen participation foster social acceptance for renewable energy. Local citizens not only share in the profits, they also have access to clean energy at a fair price. REScoops keep the individual investment affordable Not everyone has a roof suitable for solar panels, nor does everyone have the financial capacity to make such an investment. REScoop production installations are typically owned by a large group of citizens, keeping the individual investment affordable. REScoops benefit the local community REScoops have a clear concern for the community. They usually share part of the profits with their members and use the rest to develop new projects or benefit the local community as a whole. Some REScoops for example have financed the construction of a local sustainable concert hall, while others erected a charging point for electric bicycles. Thus, all citizens benefit from the projects and the profits that they generate. REScoops take action on energy efficiency The revenues that result from renewable energy projects are often used to finance energy efficiency measures in public buildings. Some REScoops have paid for insulation material for public buildings, while others pay the wage of a local energy expert who helps citizens and the local municipality improve their overall energy efficiency. REScoops keep money in the local economy REScoops use local energy sources and include local citizens. Thus they keep money within the local community that would otherwise be lost. In addition, REScoops stimulate local employment and boost the local economy. There are no less than 2,400 European REScoops - renewable energy cooperative, located mainly in Western Europe. REScoop.eu intend to double that number. There are very few REScoops in Central and Eastern Europe due to unfavourable support mechanisms for renewables, and because the word “cooperative” is still easily associated with communism. The most popular European REScoop countries are Germany, Denmark and Austria. Then follow Sweden, Belgium, Great Britain, Scotland, Spain, Croatia. Slovenian government professional services recognize that in Slovenia has potential for the creation and development of local energy cooperatives for the production of heat from renewable energy sources. However, unfortunately, the practice of establishment of energy cooperatives is still undeveloped.
Secondary keywords: Cooperative;energy;renewable energy;renewable energy cooperative;REScoop;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages: X, 53 f.
ID: 9165553