diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija Organizacija dela
Borut Gregorič (Author), Zvone Balantič (Mentor), David Ravnik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Velika količina in obseg dela ter okoljski dejavniki lahko zelo vplivajo na zdravje oseb, ki se ukvarjajo s čiščenjem. V mnogih delovnih okoljih, kjer so zaposleni, najdemo pogoje, ki spodbujajo nastanek različnih poklicnih bolezni, kot so bolezni mišičnoskeletnega sistema in vezivnega tkiva (kostno-mišična obolenja), vendar bi lahko bili le-ti zlahka obvladljivi. Neprimerni in slabi delovni pogoji, pomanjkanje variacije nalog, slaba ergonomska oblika delovnih mest, slabo pripravljeni plani oz. načrti čiščenja, pomanjkanje strojev in pripomočkov za čiščenje, ter organizacija dela (npr. dolg in neugoden delovni čas, nizke plače, ...) so področja, kjer se lahko sorazmerno z enostavnimi posegi bistveno zmanjša stopnja izpostavljenosti poklicnim boleznim. V diplomski nalogi smo analizirali dejavnike tveganja na delovnem mestu, ki so posledica obolenj gibalnega in vezivnega aparata po mednarodni klasifikaciji bolezni (MKB – 10). Raziskali smo obstoječe procese čiščenja, stroje in pripomočke za čiščenje ter delovno okolje. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je zelo malo podatkov o prenovi pripomočkov za čiščenje (ročno delo), medtem ko je na področju strojnega čiščenja bilo zelo veliko narejenega. Z analizo telesnih položajev, pri kateri smo opazovali osebo iz enote čiščenja, in analizo dejavnikov tveganja smo opredelili ustrezne ukrepe, ki bodo zmanjšali bolniško odsotnost, zmanjšali težave zaposlenih na delovnem mestu, povečali varnost in zdravje pri zaposlenih in pacientih, povečali osveščanje zaposlenih o varnem delu in ravnanju s čistili in čistilnimi pripomočki ter jim omogočili izvajanje vaj za krepitev zdravja. Diplomsko delo prikazuje tehnične rešitve ergonomskih izboljšav in delovnih pogojev ter učinkovitosti in odgovornosti zaposlenih do dela z rednim dnevnim načrtovanjem in organiziranjem dela ob hkratnem koriščenju prostih ur in dopusta. Zaradi nadzora porabe čistil in čistilnih pripomočkov naj bi se stroški čiščenja zmanjšali. Odstranjena čistila na delovnem vozičku zaposlenih bodo pripomogla k izboljšanju varnosti glede uporabe – doziranja čistil in varnosti pacientov (v primeru zaužitja). Diplomska naloga prikazuje, da se lahko s cenovno ugodnimi izboljšavami izboljša oz. odpravi prisiljene drže, kot sta klečanje na kolenih in delo z dvignjenimi rokami nad višino ramen. Splošna ugotovitev je, da je čiščenje zahtevna naloga in opravilo, ki povzroči visoke obremenitve srca in ožilja, mišic in skeleta. Z vključevanjem zaposlenih v proces ergonomskih izboljšav in celovitim pristopom smo dokazali, da se lahko marsikatera težava odpravi hitro, enostavno in relativno cenovno ugodno, saj s tem zmanjšamo možnost poškodb in odsotnost z dela ter stroške odškodnin, medtem pa nas to hkrati vodi do visoke kakovosti dela in večjega zadovoljstva pri delu.

Keywords

ergonomija;čiščenje;čistila;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM FOV - Faculty of Organizational Sciences
Publisher: [B. Gregorič]
UDC: 331.1
COBISS: 7829267 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: WORKFLOW OPTIMIZATION WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ERGONOMICS IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING UNIT OF GENERAL HOSPITAL IZOLA
Secondary abstract: Large workloads and environmental factors can significantly affect the health of labourers who work in cleaning. Many working environments display conditions that contribute to the development of various occupational illnesses and ailments, such as diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (bone and muscular diseases), but these could be easily manageable. Inappropriate and poor working conditions, lack of task diversity, bad ergonomic design in workplaces, poor cleaning regimes, lack of proper machines and accessories for cleaning, and the organisation of work (long working hours and inappropriate schedules, low pay, etc.) are areas where comparatively simple adjustments could appreciable lower the level of exposure to occupational illnesses. This thesis analysed risk factors at the workplace that contribute to illnesses of the motor and connective apparatus according to the International Classification of Diseases. It investigated cleaning processes, machines, and accessories in conjunction with workplaces. Reviews of the literature revealed very little data about the ... of accessories for hand cleaning, while plenty of research has already been done on machine cleaning. By analysing posture, where a person from the cleaning unit was observed, and by analysing risk factors, we developed appropriate measures to reduce workers’ absence due to sick leave, reduced employees’ problems at the workplace, increased occupational and patient safety and health, increased employee awareness on safe work and handling cleaning agents and accessories, and facilitated exercises for fortifying health. This thesis demonstrates technical solutions for ergonomic improvements and for bettering working conditions, as well as for improving employee effectiveness and responsibility toward their work with regular, daily planning and organisation of work, while also taking advantage of free hours and vacations. Tracking the use of cleaning agents and accessories should reduce the costs of cleaning. Removing cleaning agents from employees’ work carts will help improve safety of usage – i.e. the dosage of cleaners and patient safety (if ingested). This thesis also shows that cost-effective improvements can improve or correct unnatural postures, such as kneeling and working with arms extended above shoulder level. The general finding was that cleaning is a difficult task and a job that causes a high burden to the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. By including employees in the process of ergonomic improvement and with a comprehensive approach we have shown that many problems can be remedied quickly, simply, and relatively cheaply, as they reduce the chance of injury and resulting absence from work, as well as the costs of damage payments, while also leading to a higher quality of work and greater employee satisfaction.
Secondary keywords: ergonomics;cleaning;cleaners;posture analysis;OWAS;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za organizacijske vede
Pages: 75 f.
ID: 9166504