magistrsko delo
Sara Kumprej (Author), Irena Hočevar-Boltežar (Mentor)

Abstract

Glas je osnovno sredstvo za komunikacijo. Pevci se tega še posebej poslužujejo, saj spadajo v skupino glasovno obremenjenih oseb. Tako obstaja velika verjetnost, da pri petju pride do prevelikega napora in obremenitve govornega aparata, kar lahko pripelje do hripavosti ali druge glasovne motnje. Napačne glasovne in govorne navade lahko vplivajo na kakovost glasu in posledično na razvoj neprimerne glasovne tehnike. Zato je skrb za glas ali glasovna higiena pri pevcih ključnega pomena. Pomeni način obnašanja, ki je ugoden za glas, saj zmanjšuje obremenitev, hkrati pa pozitivno vpliva na celo telo. Teoretični del magistrskega dela zajema anatomijo in fiziologijo govornih organov ter patologijo glasu in govora. Poseben poudarek je na pojmih petje in dejavniki tveganja za nastanek glasovnih motenj pri pevcih. Opredeljena je tudi vloga logopeda, ki je poleg vloge foniatra in psihologa ključnega pomena pri zdravljenju glasovnih težav. Na koncu so zajeti napotki za pevce, kako ohraniti zdrav glas. Namen in cilj empirične raziskave je ugotoviti pogostost glasovnih težav med zborovskimi pevci, vpliv neprimernih govornih in prehranjevalnih navad na glas ter ugotavljanje poznavanja glasovne higiene. V empiričnem delu sem na vzorcu 71 pevcev dveh slovenskih zborov s pomočjo vprašalnika ugotavljala pogostost glasovnih težav in poznavanje glasovne higiene. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je bilo v zadnjem letu 76 % pevcev hripavih. Več kot polovica jih je izven petja v zboru glasovno obremenjenih (doma, v službi). 61 % pevcev ob hripavosti glasovno počiva. Najslabše rezultate so dosegli na temo poznavanja vpliva prehrane in hormonov na glas. Ozaveščeni so o pomenu spanja in vplivu škodljivih razvad (kajenje, alkohol) na glas. Polovici pevcev ni poznan pojem glasovna higiena. Samo tretjina se je udeležila predavanj na temo nege glasu. Med pevskima zboroma ni razlik v poznavanju vpliva dejavnikov na glas. Pevec se mora zavedati svojih glasovnih, govornih in prehranjevalnih navad in ob obremenjenosti glasu pravilno ukrepati. Dejstvo je, da se v ospredje večinoma postavlja zdravljenje glasovnih težav, manj pa znanje o pomenu glasovnih obremenitev ter aktivnega preventivnega preprečevanja glasovnih motenj. Pri tem ima veliko vlogo zborovodja, ki bi pevcem moral podati znanje o skrbi za glas. Pri preprečevanju glasovnih motenj ima lahko pomembno vlogo tudi logoped z organizacijo strokovnih izobraževanj za pevce v zborih, da dobijo pravilne informacije s strani ustreznega strokovnjaka.

Keywords

glas;glasovne motnje;dejavniki tveganja;pevci;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [S. Kumprej]
UDC: 616.22(043.2)
COBISS: 11142729 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Voice care in singers
Secondary abstract: Voice is an essential means of communication. It is the singing voice that is particularly susceptible to voice damage and fatigue as singers belong to a group of occupations with a substantial vocal load. As such they face greater chance of inducing too much strain on their vocal apparatus, which can lead to hoarseness and other voice disorders. Not only can abusive vocal and speech habits affect the quality of voice, but they can also result in inappropriate vocal technique, which is why vocal hygiene, i.e. taking care of one's singing voice, is of utmost importance. What it takes is a lifestyle and behaviour that work in the best interest of one’s voice while, at the same time, improving their mental and physical well-being. The theoretical part of the present Master’s dissertation provides an overview of vocal anatomy and speech production physiology as well as speech pathology, while placing special emphasis on the risk factors that contribute to the development of voice disorders in singers. The thesis defines the role of a speech and language therapist, who – alongside a phoniatrician and a psychologist – is crucial in voice treatment. Last but not least, the study includes guidelines to improve vocal hygiene in singers, keeping their voice as healthy as possible. The purpose of the empirical study was to determine the frequency of voice problems among choral singers, the impact of abusive vocal and eating habits on their vocal function as well as their familiarity with the concept of vocal hygiene. Answering the background questionnaire on the frequency of their vocal problems and the knowledge of vocal hygiene, 71 members of two Slovenian choirs participated in the study. The results show that 76% of the participants have experienced hoarseness over the last year with more than half of them attributing their vocal problems to other sources, such as being exposed to vocal loading either at home or at work. In such case, 61% of the singers give their vocal folds a rest. By contrast, the participants know very little about how a poor diet and hormonal imbalance may be affecting their voice. Albeit aware of the benefits of a good night’s sleep and the harmfulness of smoking and drinking alcohol, half of them are not familiar with the concept of vocal hygiene, and only a third has attended the lectures on voice care. However, both choirs have equal distribution of knowledge on the risk factors that contribute to voice disorders. Needless to say, a singer needs to be aware of their vocal, speaking and eating habits so as to act accordingly in case of a vocal load. While voice therapy as the treatment of voice disorders seems all too popular, the knowledge of the harmful effects of vocal strain and its prevention is less so. With this in mind, it is not only on the part of a conductor to introduce the concept of voice care to choral singers, by organizing vocal hygiene workshops, a speech and language therapist could well play a key role in providing valuable information regarding voice disorders prevention.
Secondary keywords: singing;care;petje;skrb;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Logopedija in surdopedagogika
Pages: 72 str.
ID: 9166730