diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa
Borut Rožman (Author), Dušan Klinar (Mentor), Marjan Tušar (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V diplomski nalogi smo preverili možnost pridobivanja bitumenskih komponent iz lesa, s pomočjo metode pirolize v tekoči fazi. Eksperimente smo izvajali v visokotemperaturnem šaržnem mešalnem reaktorju s prekinjevalci toka. Na izhodu smo zbirali vodni in oljni destilat. Plinske produkte smo speljali na baklo. Vzorce reaktorskega ostanka smo ekstrahirali s toluenom. Predlagali smo teoretičen model piroliznega razpada lesa v tekoči fazi. Model predpostavlja nereaktivno tekočo fazo in umešanje oziroma dispergiranje lesnega ostanka v tekoči fazi. Model predvideva nastanek zgolj optimalnih produktov, glede na tendenci; ohraniti čim večji delež ogljika in vodika ter čim nižji delež kisika v lesnem ostanku. Po modelu lahko iz lesa, ob optimalnem poteku pirolize v tekoči fazi, pridobimo 46 % bitumenskih komponent, 0 % oljne frakcije, 30 % vodne frakcije in 24 % plinske frakcije. Z eksperimenti smo preverjali vpliv maksimalne temperature procesa na potek pirolize lesa. Med raziskavami smo, pri maksimalni temperaturi 288 °C, iz lesa izločili 8 % oljne frakcije, 25 % vodne frakcije in 18 % plinske frakcije. Sklepamo, da smo v lesnem ostanku bistveno znižali delež kisika, saj so rezultati blizu optimalnim vrednostim iz modela. Pri tej temperaturi se lesni ostanek ne umeša v tekočo fazo. V reaktorskem ostanku so ostali večji kosi z lesno strukturo. Pri analizi s toluenom smo ugotovili, da precejeni reaktorski ostanek vsebuje približno enak delež netopnih snovi kot tekoča faza. Z višanjem maksimalne temperature pirolize, lesna struktura vedno bolj razpada. Pri 381 °C pridemo do umešanja lesnega ostanka v tekoči fazi. Trdni vzorci reaktorskega ostanka so krhki in nehomogeni. Vzorec smo raztopili s toluenom in raztopino filtrirali. Na filtrirnem ostanku so se nabrali ogleni produkti. Lesni produkti v reaktorskem ostanku verjetno delujejo kot polnilo in ne kot sestavina tekoče bitumenske faze. S pirolizo lesa, v gumenem destilatu kot tekoči fazi, nam je uspelo že pri 288 °C znižati delež kisika v reaktorski zmesi. Pri tej temperaturi nam ni uspelo doseči prehajanja ligninskega dela lesa v tekočo fazo, hkrati v precejenem reaktorskem ostanku ni povečanja oglenih produktov. Z zviševanjem temperature lesni ostanek ogleni (presnavlja se v ogljik), raje kot se raztaplja oziroma dispergira v tekoči fazi. Z zviševanjem maksimalne temperature pirolize, dosežemo umešanje lesnega ostanka. Toda umešani ogleneli produkti verjetno nimajo adhezivnih lastnosti zaželenih v bitumnu. Predvidevamo da produkti pirolize v bitumnu delujejo kot polnilo in niso najbolj primerni za njegovo izdelavo. V delu smo ugotovili potreben potek procesa pirolize glede na vrsto komponente bitumna, ki jo želimo pridobivati.

Keywords

piroliza;les;bitumen;laboratorijske naprave;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher: [B. Rožman]
UDC: 553.985(043.2)
COBISS: 20375574 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT BINDER - BITUMEN FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES BY MEANS OF PYROLYSIS ON A LABORATORY DEVICE
Secondary abstract: In this thesis, we explored the possibility of making bitumen components out of wood, using method liquid phase pyrolysis. Experiments were performed in a high-temperature batch stirred tank reactor with circuit breakers. At the output we collected water and oil distillate. Gas products were led to the torch. Samples of the reactor residue were extracted with toluene. We proposed a theoretical model of liquid phase wood pyrolysis. The model predicts a non-reactive liquid phase at the same time blending and dispersing the wood residue in the liquid phase. The model assumes the formation of only optimal products, in line with tendencies; maintaining as high proportion of carbon and hydrogen and as low proportion of oxygen, in the wood residue, as possible. With liquid phase pyrolysis we can, according to the model, optimally obtain 46 % of bituminous component, 0 % of oil fraction, 30 % of water fraction and 24 % of gas fraction. By experiments, we examined the impact of the maximum process temperature, on the course of pyrolysis of wood. During the research, with maximum process temperature of 288 °C, we eliminated 8 % of oil fraction, 25 % of water fraction and 18 % of gas fraction from wood. Results are close to the optimum values predicted by the model. Thus we assume that we were able to significantly reduce the proportion of oxygen in the wood residue. At this temperature, the wood residue is not blended in the liquid phase. Larger pieces, with woody structure, remained in the reactor residue. With the analysis with toluene we found, that straining reactor residue contains approximately the same proportion of insoluble matter as liquid phase. By increasing the maximum pyrolysis temperature, wood structure is falling apart. At 381 °C, we get the blending of the wood residue in the liquid phase. Solid samples of the reactor residue are fragile and heterogeneous. The samples were dissolved with toluene and the solution was filtered. The filter residue had accumulated charcoal products. Wood products, in the reactor residue, are probably acting as filler and not as a component of the liquid bituminous phase. By the pyrolysis of wood, with rubber distillate as a liquid phase, we were able, already at 288 °C, to reduce the proportion of oxygen in the reactor mixture. At this temperature, we were not able to blend the lignin part of wood in the liquid phase, while the wiped reactor reminder does not contain increase amount of charcoal products. If we increase the maximal temperature of the process, wood residue starts to carbonize (conversion to carbon), rather than dissolves or disperses in a liquid phase. By increasing the maximum pyrolysis temperature, we achieved blending wood residue with liquid phase. But carbonized products supposedly, do not have binder properties desired in the bitumen. We assume that pyrolysis products are acting as filler, and are not very suitable for bitumen production. In this thesis, we have determined the necessary process, depending on the type of bitumen components, which we want to acquire.
Secondary keywords: pyrolysis;bitumen;wood;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages: VI, 42 str.
ID: 9167524