Vprašanje ideologije v postmarksizmu

Aleksandra Trupej (Author), Peter Stanković (Author)

Abstract

O izjemnem pomenu in vplivu dela Karla Marxa ni nobenega dvoma. Vprašanje je zgolj, ali ni Marx svoje teorije zasnoval pretirano deterministično v smislu, da ekonomska struktura določa vse ostale ravni družbene dinamike. Da bi njegovo misel rešili tovrstnih težav (ali vsaj ambivalentnosti), so novi marksisti posvetili veliko pozornosti tudi povratnemu vplivu ideologije na ekonomsko bazo, postmarksisti pa so s podmeno o radikalnem antiesencializmu Marxov morebitni determinizem poskušali preseči že v jedru. Ker pa se konkretne teoretske rešitve najvidnejših predstavnikov postmarksizma, Slavoja Žižka, Ernesta Laclaua in Chantal Mouffe, med seboj močno razlikujejo, avtorja članka te rešitve analizirata in poskušata prepoznati njihovo analitično vrednost. Njuna teza je, da sta Mouffe in Laclau z doslednim utemeljevanjem svoje teorije na podmeni o radikalni kontingenčnosti diskurzov presegla številne zagate ekonomskega determinizma, da pa je cena, ki jo za to plačujeta, nevarna bližina relativizmu. Glede Žižka avtorja pravita, da njegovo vztrajanje pri razredu kot neke vrste naddoločujoči kategoriji ravno nasprotno omogoča večjo spoznavno izostrenost, pri čemer pa ni jasno, na kakšen način potem sploh presega ekonomski determinizem.

Keywords

Marksizem;Postmarksizem;Ideologija;Determinizem (Filozofija);

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2013
Typology:	1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:	UL FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
UDC:	141.82:316.75
COBISS:	32431197
ISSN:	0040-3598
Parent publication:	Teorija in praksa
Views:	644
Downloads:	128
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	There is no doubt about the importance of Karl Marx's theory. The only question is whether he understood the economy in a too deterministic manner. In order to emancipate his thought from the pitfalls of possible theoretical reductionism, Western Marxists have examined the reverse influences of ideology on the economic base, while Post-Marxists have tried to side-step the problem from the outset with radical anti-essentialism. However, the best-known post-Marxist theoreticians, Slavoj Žižek, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, have developed their anti-essentialist takes on Marx in different ways. The article reviews their respective theories and argues that, while radical anti-essentialism allows Lacalu and Mouffe to overcome several limitations of classical Marxism, it also brings them dangerously close to relativism. Žižek, on the other hand, claims that class still overdetermines all other social spheres. The authors conclude that his theory thus reveals greater explanatory potential, yet just as with Marx within a somewhat limited understanding of societal dynamics.
Secondary keywords:	Marxism;Postmarxism;Ideology;Determinism (Philosophy);
Type (COBISS):	Not categorized
Pages:	str. 770-790, 907
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ50
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ5/6
Chronology:	sep.-dec. 2013
ID:	9169526