primer Krajinskega parka Goričko
Stanko Čerpnjak (Author), Mitja Kaligarič (Mentor), Sonja Škornik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Krajinski park Goričko predstavlja posebnost v okviru ekstenzivne kulturne krajine podeželja Slovenije. Kot območje z najnižjo letno povprečno količino padavin v Sloveniji in območje z revno suho, ponekod pa tudi zelo kislo podlago, predstavlja svojstven botanični relikt v tem delu Evrope. Zaradi odsotnosti industrije in velike razdrobljenosti parcel je tukaj vse do začetka 21. stoletja prevladovala ekstenzivna pridelava in obdelava tal, ki je temeljila na ekstenzivni živinoreji. Po vstopu Slovenije v EU in s pridobitvijo kmetijskih subvencij pa se je stanje spremenilo. Upanje je dajal na novo ustanovljen KPG (2003), ki pa ni v celoti upravičil pričakovanj. Raziskovanje je potekalo na dveh podobmočjih na severovzhodu Goričkega. Prvo je bilo podobmočje (zahodno območje) Čepincev in dela Markovcev, kjer sem v letu 2003/2004 in v letu 2013/2014 popisal 86 poligonov suhih travišč. Drugo podobmočje (vzhodno območje) pa je bilo področje Budincev in Dolencev. Tukaj sem v letu 2003/2004 in v letu 2013/2014 popisal 135 poligonov suhih travišč. Med obema področjema je naravna pregrada v obliki mešanega gozda. Področje je bilo približno veliko 30 km2. Pridobljeni podatki so pokazali, da so bili travniki že v izhodišču različni. Na podlagi drugih podatkov pa je analiza povedala, da je se je na vzhodnem področju sestava travnikov zelo spremenila in kaže drugačno sliko kot pred desetimi leti. Od vseh travnikov na 221 poligonih je ostalo v tradicionalni rabi samo še 82 poligonov (37,1 %). Od tega jih je 20 na zahodnem podobmočju in 62 na vzhodnem podobmočju. 79 poligonov travnikov je intenziviranih (35,7 %), od tega jih je večji del mulčenih, nekaj intenzivno gnojenih. Na zahodnem podobmočju je intenziviranih 38 poligonov, 41 poligonov pa na vzhodnem podobmočju. 45 travnikov je v zaraščanju (20,4 %). Na zahodnem podobmočju je 18 poligonov, 27 poligonov pa na vzhodnem podobmočju. Manjši del poligonov travnikov je spremenjenih v njive, in sicer 11 (5,0 %), od tega 7 poligonov na zahodnem podobmočju in 4 poligoni na vzhodnem podobmočju. Pri tem ponavadi niso celi poligoni spremenjeni v njive. 4 travniki (1,8 %) pa so spremenjeni v pašnike, od tega 2 na zahodnem podobmočju in 2 na vzhodnem podobmočju. Iz teh podatkov in narejenih analiz vidimo, da je bila kmetijska politika za goričko ekstenzivno kulturno krajino povsem neustrezna in je kot taka povzročila degradacijo ekstenzivne kulturne krajine, povzročila je veliko izgubo najlepših suhih travnikov in posledično tudi izgubo velike pestrosti teh habitatov. V letu 2003/2004 sem na teh poligonih našel 7 vrst iz rdečega seznama na 23 poligonih, leta 2013/2014 pa 6 vrst iz rdečega seznama na 16 poligonih. Podatki so dovolj reprezentativni, da povsem dokazujejo neustrezno kmetijsko politiko in izgubo kvalitetnih suhih travnikov v tem delu Goričkega.

Keywords

magistrska dela;vrstna pestrost;rastlinske vrste;raba tal;intenziviranje travnikov;rastlinski specialisti;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher: [S. Čerpnjak]
UDC: 633.2.03(497.4Krajinski park Goričko):581.5(043.2)
COBISS: 22746120 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂchanges in floristic composition of dry meadows ten years after accession to EU
Secondary abstract: Nature Park Goričko represents the peculiarity in extensively cultural landscape of Slovenia. As the area with the lowest annual precipitation in Slovenia and the area with very dry, also in some areas very acidic soil, represents unique botanic remnant in this part of Europe. Because of the lack of industry and partitition of lands until the beginning of the 21st century there occured extensive production and cultivation of land which were based on extensive livestock production. After entering in European Union and with receiving farming subsidies everything has changed. It was a hope with a new established KPG (2003) which has not completely satisfied expectations. The research work was extended on two subfields on the north-eastern part of Goričko region. The first was the subfield (western area) of village Čepinci and a part of village Markovci where I registered 86 ranges of dry meadows in a year 2003/2004 and in a year 2013/2014. The second subfield (eastern area) was the area of Budinci and Dolenci. There I registered 135 ranges of dry meadows in a year 2003/2004 and in a year 2013/2014. There is a natural barrier of mixed forest between these two areas. The size of area is approximately 30 km. The data processing has shown that the meadows were very different already at the starting point. On the basis of other data the analyse has shown that the structure of meadows has changed very much in the eastern area in the period of ten years time. From all meadows on 221 ranges there have been left only 82 ranges (37,1 %) in their traditional use. There are 20 of them in the western subfield and 62 in the eastern subfield. There are 79 ranges of meadows in intensive use (35,7 %), from those the bigger part was "chopped" and some are intensively fertilize. On the western subfield there are 38 ranges which are intensified and 41 ranges in the eastern subfield. There are 45 meadows which are getting overgrown (20,4 %). In the western subfield area there are 18 ranges and 27 ranges in the eastern subfield area. The smaller part of meadows have been changed into fields, 11 (5,0 %) of them, from those 7 ranges in the western subfield area and 4 in the eastern subfield area. Usually there are not the whole ranges changed into the fields.There are 4 (1,8 %) meadows that are changed into pastures, from those 2 in the western and 2 in the eastern subfield area. From all those data and analyses we can see that the agricultural politics for Goričko exstensive cultural region was totally inconvenient and as such has caused degradation of extensive cultural region and lost of lots of the most beautiful dry meadows and consequently lost of diversity of those habitats. In 2003/2004 I found on these 23 ranges 7 sorts from the red list and in year 2013/2014 I found 6 sorts from the red list on the 16 ranges. The data are representative quite enough to show us completely inconvenient agricultural politics and the lost of a lot of qualitative dry meadows in this part of Goričko region.
Secondary keywords: master theses;diversity of sorts;botanical species;usage of ground;intensification of meadows;wegetable specialists;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages: XVI, 72 f.
ID: 9171739