doktorska disertacija
Petra Mitič (Author), Anka Lisec (Mentor), Matjaž Mikoš (Thesis defence commission member), Karel Oštir (Thesis defence commission member), Alma Zavodnik Lamovšek (Thesis defence commission member), Vlado Cetl (Thesis defence commission member), Mojca Kosmatin Fras (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V doktorski nalogi smo analizirali možnosti vzpostavitve 3D-katastra nepremičnin ob uporabi virov daljinskega zaznavanja. Skupaj smo obravnavali dve področji, in sicer zemljiško administracijo ter daljinsko zaznavanje. Ugotovili smo, da je za popolno in kakovostno evidentiranje pravic, omejitev in odgovornosti na nepremičninah ter za evidentiranje drugih podatkov o nepremičninah potrebna vzpostavitev 3D-katastra. Zemljiška parcela kot osnovna enota parcelnega katastra ne omogoča popolnega in preglednega evidentiranja pravic, omejitev in odgovornosti. Prav tako ne omogoča podatkovne podpore drugim namenom zemljiške administracije, kot so vrednotenje nepremičnin in podpora upravljanju nepremičnin ter prostorskemu načrtovanju. Osnovna enota predlaganega modela 3D-katastra je 3Dnepremičninska enota, ki se nanaša na nepremičnino, ki je prostorsko omejena tako položajno kot višinsko. Za namene vzpostavitve 3D-katastra smo analizirali primernost izbranih tehnologij daljinskega zaznavanja. Ugotovili smo, da so glede na visoke zahteve po natančnosti in točnosti določitve položaja za zajem mejnih znamenj edini primerni brezpilotnimi letalnimi sistemi. Za zajem streh stavb in prometnic se priporoča uporaba stereoparov letalskih posnetkov in aerolaserskega skeniranja. Teoretične izsledke smo preizkusili na praktičnem primeru. Za zajem mejnih znamenj so se kot ustrezni izkazali brezpilotni letalni sistemi, s katerimi smo dosegli visoko točnost položaja, ki je primerljiva klasični terestrični izmeri. Ugotovili smo, da fotogrametrični oblak točk državnega aerolaserskega skeniranja Slovenije z ločljivostjo 5 točk/m2 zadošča za zajem značilnih točk streh in prometnic. Poleg podatkov daljinskega zaznavanja so ključnega pomena za vzpostavitev 3D-katastra podatki o prostorskih razsežnostih delov stavb ter prostorskih razsežnosti stavb in drugih gradbeno-inženirskih objektov nad in pod površjem Zemlje, ki jih s tehnologijami daljinskega zaznavanja iz zraka ni mogoče pridobiti. Ugotovitve smo strnili v preučevanju možnosti za vzpostavitev 3D-katastra v Sloveniji v smislu nadgradnje obstoječega sistema. Za primer stavbe smo izdelali trirazsežni model stavbe, ki vključuje katastrske podatke, vključujoč etažne načrte in prereze stavbe. Dodatni podatki, ki jih pri tem potrebujemo, so oblika strehe (te je mogoče dobiti z metodami daljinskega zaznavanja) ter višinska razsežnost etaž oziroma prostorov (to je edini podatek, ki bi ga bilo treba dodatno pridobiti na temelju terenskega ogleda). Obstoječa zakonodaja omogoča trirazsežno evidentiranje stavb. Prometnic in drugih gradbeno-inženirskih, ki niso zemljiška parcela ali stavba, pa v Sloveniji še ni mogoče evidentirati, zato smo predlagali uvedbo 3D-nepremičninske enote, ki se lahko uporabi tudi za druge podzemne in nadzemne trirazsežne objekte. Pomembni nadaljnji izzivi se nanašajo na podrobnejšo opredelitev podatkovnih modelov katastra, uvedbo časovne komponente v podatkovni model katastra nepremičnin in podrobnejšo opredelitev postopkov (»dogodkov«) spreminjanja oziroma vzdrževanja podatkov katastra nepremičnin, pri čemer je treba poleg vidika registracije podatkov upoštevati tudi prostorsko-pravni vidik strukturiranja prostora.

Keywords

3D-kataster;zemljišča;nepremičnine;zemljiški kataster;kataster stavb;zemljiška administracija;daljinsko zaznavanje;geodezija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UL FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
Publisher: [P. Drobež]
UDC: 528.8:528.44:355.227(497.4)(043.3)
COBISS: 7626849 Link will open in a new window
Views: 2367
Downloads: 564
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Analysis of the possibility of establishing 3D cadastre using the remote sensing technologies
Secondary abstract: This doctoral dissertation thoroughly analyzes the possibility of establishing a 3D real estate cadastre by utilizing the resources of remote sensing. A common examination of two fields was conducted, namely land administration and remote sensing. The research revealed that the establishment of a 3D cadastre is necessary for the complete and quality registration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities in regard to real estate and other data. Land parcel as the basic unit of the parcel cadastre is not suitable for the complete and transparent registration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities. Also, it does not offer data support for other purposes of land administration, such as real estate evaluation, support for property management and spatial planning. The basic unit of the proposed 3D cadastral model is a 3D real estate unit, referring to a real property which is spatially limited in terms of position as well as in terms of height. For purposes of establishing a 3D cadastre an analysis of suitability of selected remote sensing Technologies was performed. It has been noted that, given the high requirements for accurate position determination of registering boundary markers, only unmanned aerial systems are appropriate. For the registration of building roofs and traffic routes, the use of stereopairs of aerial photographs and airborne laser scanning is recommended. Theoretical results were tested in practice. Unmanned aerial systems were proved to be appropriate for the registration of boundary markers, as these systems provided a highly accurate position that is comparable to the classic terrestrial measurement. It has been established that the photogrammetric point cloud of airborne laser scanning of Slovenia with a resolution of 5 points/m2 is sufficient for the registration of characteristic roof points and traffic routes. In addition to remote sensing data, the information about the spatial dimensions of parts of buildings and the spatial dimensions of buildings and other construction-engineering structures above and below the surface of the Earth that cannot be obtained by the airborne remote sensing technologies is particularly crucial for the establishment of a 3D cadastre. The findings were summarized in examining the possibilities of establishing a 3D cadastre in Slovenia in terms of upgrading the existing system. In case of a building a 3D model of a building was made, including cadastral data such as floor plans and building cross sections. The additional data needed are the roof shape (this can be obtained by remote sensing technologies) and the floor or room height (this is the only information that should be additionally obtained on the basis of field examination of the area). The existing legislation enables a 3D building registration. However, traffic routes and other construction-engineering objects that are not considered a land parcel or a building cannot yet be registered in Slovenia. Therefore, an introduction of a 3D real estate unit was proposed to enable the registration of other above-ground and underground 3D objects. Significant further challenges are related to the detailed definition of cadastral data models, the introduction of a temporal component in the data model of real estate cadastre and detailed definition of procedures ("events") of changing and maintaining data of real estate cadastre, while taking into account also the spatial and legal aspects of space structuring, in addition to the perspective of data registration.
Secondary keywords: geodesy;thesis;land;real estate;land cadastre;building cadastre;land administration;3D cadastre;remote sensing;Zemljiški kataster;Disertacije;Daljinsko zaznavanje;
URN: URN:NBN:SI
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Dissertation
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za gradbeništvo in geodezijo
Pages: XXII, 167 str.
ID: 9175215