Temni splet in kriminal

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Luka Demšar (Author), Aleš Završnik (Mentor)

Abstract

Številni ljudje verjamejo, da so popularni iskalniki kot na primer Google, Yahoo in Bing zmožni indeksirati večino podatkov, ki so objavljeni na Internetu. V resnici jih ne morejo, oziroma lahko po besedah Bergmana (2001), ti identificirajo le 0.03% celotnega Interneta. Vsebina, ki ni dosegljiva z uporabo teh tradicionalnih iskalnikov, se imenuje globoki splet, njegove najtemnejše in najgloblje globine pa so znane kot temni splet, ki vsebuje namerno prikrito vsebino. Osebe, ki bi želele brskati po temnem spletu, lahko to storijo z uporabo posebne programske opreme. Med najpopularnejše spadajo Tor, I2P in Freenet, ki uporabniku ponujajo skoraj popolno anonimnost. Ko se nahajamo v prostoru temnega spleta, ga lahko raziskujemo z uporabo strani kot je ''Hidden Wiki'', kjer so povezave do strani organizirane po kategorijah. Za namene komunikacije med samim brskanjem pa je mogoča uporaba spletnih klepetalnic ali takojšnjega sporočanja, ki sta gostovana v omrežju Tor. Anonimizacijske storitve se lahko uporabljajo za legalne aktivnosti (novinarstvo, politično disidentstvo, žvižgaštvo itd.) ali za ilegalne aktivnosti (trgovina z zlonamerno programsko opremo, trgovina s prepovedanimi drogami, storitve za pranje denarja, trgovina s potnimi listi in državljanstvi, spletno razkrivanje osebnih podatkov, morilske storitve itd.). Za vse te storitve je mogoče plačati z uporabo kriptovalute kot je Bitcoin, ki dodatno anonimizira uporabnikove transakcije. Čeprav omrežja kot so Tor, I2P in Freenet anonimizirajo aktivnosti njihovih uporabnikov, raziskovalci, hekerji in strokovnjaki za varnost nenehno razvijajo različna orodja za namene nadzorovanja ali deanonimizacije, kar se lahko doseže z beleženjem imenika skritih storitev, z nadzorovanjem podatkov uporabnika, z nadzorovanjem spletnih socialnih omrežji, z nadzorovanjem skritih storitev in s semantično analizo. Agencija za napredne obrambne analize ZDA razvija za namene pregledovanja temnega spleta zelo močen spletni iskalnik imenovan Memex, ki lahko indeksira med 90% in 95% informacij iz temnega spleta. Tako kot se kriminalci zanašajo na zasebnost temnega spleta, lahko tega izkoriščajo vlade, organi kazenskega pregona, vojska in obveščevalne službe. Ti ga lahko uporabljajo za različne aktivnosti. Te so operacije pod krinko, varovanje vojaških komandnih in nadzornih sistemov, za preučevanje terena, na katerem operira vojska ali kot vir odprtih informacij.

Keywords

internet;svetovni splet;globoki splet;temni splet;anonimnost;kriminaliteta;nadzorovanje;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	L. Demšar]
UDC:	004.738.5+343.3/.7(043.2)
COBISS:	3234794
Views:	2666
Downloads:	677
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Dark web and crime
Secondary abstract:	Many people believe that popular search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing can index the majority of data published on the Internet. The truth is thay can't, or at least, according to Bergman (2001) they can identify only 0.03% of it. The content that can not be accessed through traditional search engines is called Deep Web and the most darkest and deepest depths of it are known as Dark Web, which contains intentionally concealed content. People who are interested in browsing it, can access it by using special software such as Tor or other less known tools like I2P or Freenet. Once we are on the Dark Web, we can usually navigate it through sites such as ''Hidden Wiki'', where sites are organised by category and while surfing through it, web chats or personal messaging hosted on Tor network can be used for communication purposes. These services can be used for legal activities (such as journalism, political dissent or whistleblowing) or illegal activities (for instance - malware trade, drug trade, money-laundering services, passports and citizenships trade, doxing, assassination services...). All those services can be bought with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which further anonymize users transactions. Researchers, hackers and security experts are continually developing different tools for monitoring or de-anonymization purposes. This can be achived by mapping the hidden service directories, monitoring of customer data, social sites, hidden services and semantic analysis. For purpose of searching the Dark Web, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) developed a very powerful search engine called Memex, that can collect information from the 90 to 95 percent of Dark Web. Just as criminals can rely on the privacy of the Dark Web, so too can goverments, law enforcement, military and intelligence agencies. They may use it for various activites such as sting operations, shieliding military command and control systems, study of the environment in which the military operates or as a source of open intelligence.
Secondary keywords:	Dark Web;crime;anonymity;Tor;I2P;Freenet;Bitcoin;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	53 str.
ID:	9223038