Neprijavljena javna zborovanja

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

Benjamin Pregl (Author), Branko Lobnikar (Mentor), Rafael Viltužnik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali in opisovali pojav neorganiziranih javnih zbiranj, pri katerih niso javno znani organizatorji oz. odgovorne osebe in/ali niso prijavljena policiji ali upravni enoti. Uvodoma smo v diplomski nalogi opisali zgodovino obvladovanja javnih zborovanj in kršitve zoper javni red in mir oziroma, kot so takrat rekli zoper javni red in pokoj. Prva sila, ki je bila specializirana prav za naloge notranje varnosti je bilo orožništvo, ki se je formiralo v 19. stoletju. Kasneje v nadaljevanju tega poglavja opišemo tudi delovanje milice. V drugem poglavju nas je zanimal zakonski vidik množičnih zbiranj z vsemi pravicami in obveznostmi, ki jih imamo: kot posamezni udeleženec javnega zborovanja, kot organizator, kot ponudnik varnostnih storitev, kot redar prostovoljec, kot policist. Za obvladovanje varnostno tveganih situacij, kot so javna zbiranja z višjo stopnjo tveganja, se sme formirati Posebna policijska enota (enota na sklic). Ker pa ob množičnih zbiranjih načeloma število oddelkov oziroma mož ne more izenačiti število protestnikov, ki jih je potrebno obvladovati, za enoto veljajo dodatne zakonitosti, kot so posebne taktike postavitev in premikov oddelkov. Enota pa lahko uspešno deluje zgolj ob kvalitetnih in ažurnih operativnih podatkih, zato ta enota uporablja razne druge enote in sisteme za nadzor operativnega območja. Za vsak množični dogodek obstajajo predhodni signali iz okolja, ki napovedo določene pomembne lastnosti, ki jih bo imelo množično zborovanje, zato smo opisali sestavo varnostne ocene zbiranj. Za množice velja, da jo sestavljajo posamezniki, ki pa ne delujejo kot posamezniki, vendar kot množica posameznikov z zmanjšano osebno zavestjo. Kljub dokaj dobri raziskanosti tega področja, je v letu 2012 vstajništvo v Sloveniji zamajalo naše pojmovanje ali predstave o protestiranju, ki smo ga imeli ukoreninjenega nekje v naši podzavesti, saj je modelu poteka takšnih dogodkov bila pridana nova pomembna spremenljivka, to so socialna omrežja. V letih 2011 in naprej, so varnostne organizacije po svetu večinoma nepripravljene spoznavale moč vpliva socialnih omrežij na proteste. Čeprav se psihologija ali dinamika znotraj protestniške množice ni spremenila, se je spremenila hitrost in moč, ki jo imajo socialna omrežja na mobilizacijo velikega števila ljudi. Tako je ključno, kako prepoznati entitete na spletu, ki so pomembne za obvladovanje takšnih varnostnih dogodkov, saj samo tako lahko najdemo identiteto nekega stvarnega dogodka. Ob tradicionalnih medijih se je pojavil nov način množične komunikacije, kjer je protagonist vsak posameznik, ki je član virtualne skupnosti. Socialna omrežja so tudi zaradi svoje narave širjenja objav naravni filter, kjer se novica, ki jo virtualna skupnost prepozna kot dobro, hitreje in bolj množično potencira kot pa novice, ki skupnosti niso po volji oziroma jih množična skupnost ne prepozna kot legitimne (viralnost objav). Če poenostavimo, gre za množično ljudsko cenzuro. S proučevanjem novic in raziskav o uporabi socialnih omrežij na protestih o preteklih protestih smo lahko opazili vzorec, kjer se poročanje medijev ni skladalo s predstavo množice o konkretnem dogajanju na protestih (upoštevati je potrebno tudi, da gre za množico pričevalcev o dogajanju). Množična pričevanja, ki jih povežejo socialna omrežja imajo za ljudi večjo legitimnost kot pa mediji, ki po mnenju mnogih delujejo pod vplivom raznih centrov moči.

Keywords

javna zborovanja;javni red in mir;kršitve;varnost;policija;policijsko delo;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	B. Pregl]
UDC:	351.741:351.75(043.2)
COBISS:	3250666
Views:	1038
Downloads:	110
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	UNREGISTERED PUBLIC GATHERINGS
Secondary abstract:	In our thesis, we have researched and described the phenomenon of no organized public gatherings, where we do not have publicly known organizers or the person responsible. In addition to that, these public gatherings are not reported to the police or administrative unit. At the beginning, we have described the history of the control over public gatherings and offences against public order and peace. The first force, which was specialized for the task of internal security was “orožništvo”-gendarmerie, which was formed in the 19th century. As we proceed to the 20th century, from a historical perspective, the work of “milica” the police force in SFR Yugoslavia, which we have also described. In the second chapter we were interested in the legal aspects of mass gatherings with all the rights and obligations that are possible: as an individual participant in a public gathering, as an organizer, as a provider of security services, as a volunteer policeman or policewoman and as a member of national police force. In order to control security risk situations such as public gatherings with a higher security threat rate, a riot police unit may be formed (by order and disbanded when the threat is neutralized). However, at the mass gatherings, the number of men in departments of riot police unit cannot be equal the number of protesters, whom we need to control. The unit is subject to different tactics. They have special tactical formation and movement rules in order to control the crowd, as well as special protective equipment. The unit can operate successfully only with high quality and live operational data, suggesting that the unit uses various other units and control systems for the control of the operational area. Every mass event has early warning signals to predict certain important features of the mass gatherings. For that purpose, we have described the structure of the security risk assessment. Crowds are considered to consist of individuals, who do not act as individuals but as a group of individuals with reduced personal consciousness (the subjection of personal identity under social identity of the group). Despite the relatively well researched field of mass psychology and other relevant fields, the 2012 protest in Slovenia has shaken the whole concept of protests that we had rooted somewhere in our sub consciousness. The old model, which we had known, introduced us to a new, highly important variable - social networks. Changeability of these events confirms that public gatherings are active social processes, which are required to be researched frequently. In 2011, the security organizations around the world were largely caught unprepared as they slowly learned about the powerful impact of social networks on the protests. Although, the psychology and the dynamics within the protest crowd have not changed significantly, the speed and power the social networks have on mobilizing large numbers of people, has. Thus, it is crucial to be able to identify entities on the web that are relevant for the control of such events. Along with media, a new form of mass communication has emerged in which the protagonist is an individual, who uses social networks. They are also, due to the nature of spreading the posts like wildfire, a natural filter. The news that social network sites recognize as important, can spread faster and greater rather than the news that the community does not recognize as legitimate (virality). Simply put, it is a mass public censorship. Studying the latest news and research on the use of social networks to support the recent protests, we have noticed a pattern where the media reports did not match the information of crowds from the actual events or people’s own perception on the protests. Mass testimonials, which are linked by the social networks sites, have a much greater legitimacy for crowds than the media, which can operate under the influence of different small centers of power.
Secondary keywords:	Gendarmerie;Militia;Operation Sever;Public gatherings;Riot police unit;Security assessment;Social networks;SOCMINT;OSINT;Maribor uprising;OTPOR;CANVAS;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	124 str.
ID:	9232226