Diabetično stopalo - zaplet sladkorne bolezni

(magistrsko delo)

Klementina Meklav (Author), Vojko Flis (Mentor), Jadranka Stričević (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Izhodišča. Sladkorna bolezen je kronična bolezen, ki se pojavi, ko trebušna slinavka ne proizvaja dovolj inzulina ali kadar telo ne more učinkovito izrabiti oz. proizvajati inzulina. Diabetično stopalo je skupina sindromov, pri katerih nevropatija, ishemija in infekcija pripeljejo do destrukcije tkiva, kar ima za končno posledico zbolevnost, lahko pa tudi amputacijo. Namen magistrskega dela je bil predstaviti in raziskati problem diabetičnega stopala kot zapleta sladkorne bolezni z vidika medicinskih sester v diabetološki ambulanti in z vidika pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo. Raziskovalna metodologija. Za teoretični del je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda in analiza domače in tuje literature, za raziskavo pa smo uporabili kvalitativna in kvantitativna metodologija. Tehnika zbiranja podatkov je anketni vprašalnik za paciente s sladkorno boleznijo in delno strukturiran intervju za medicinske sestre, ki delajo v diabetološki ambulanti. Pridobljene empirične podatke smo analizirali in obdelali s pomočjo statističnega računalniškega programa IBM SPSS Statistics 20 in računalniškega programa Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Rezultati. Najpomembnejše o zdravstveni vzgoji pri diabetičnem stopalu za paciente je, da so ti pisno in ustno poučeni o zdravstveni vzgoji sladkornih pacientov, da jim je predstavljeno diabetičnego stopalo, pravilen način uporabe antibiotikov in da so seznanjeni s primerno obutvijo, ki preprečujejo težave pri gibanju. Za medicinske sestre je za pravilno oskrbo diabetičnega stopala najpomembnejše, da prepoznajo, kaj se s stopalom dogaja in kaj se bo, da oskrbi diabetičnega stopala posveti veliko pozornosti, da izvaja preveze in uporablja ustrezne materiale za celjenje ran. Medicinske sestre morajo glede na ugotovitve stanja diabetičnega stopala vedeti, kam napotiti pacienta na nadaljne obravnave, čeprav o tem odloča zdravnik. Ugotovili smo, da amputacija noge ni pogost zaplet diabetičnega stopala in da so pacienti zelo dobro poučeni glede nege stopal in pravilne obutve. Največ anketirancev je potrebne informacije dobilo pri medicinskih sestrah v diabetološki ambulanti. Z višjo starostjo pacienta s sladkorno boleznijo se večajo težave z vidom, ne povečujejo pa se težave oziroma spremembe tipljivosti stopalnih pulzov, spremembe nohtov, ne povečuje se prisotnost razjed, nevrološke okvare, arterijska hipertenzija in povečana vrednost maščob v krvi. Diabetično stopalo se enako pogosto pojavlja tako pri moških kot tudi pri ženskah. Sklep. Pojavnost sladkorne bolezni vsako leto narašča in s tem tudi diabetično stopalo. Zdravstvena vzgoja je na tem na področju tako napredovala, da imajo diabetološke ambulante svojo šolo za diabetike in s tem tudi medicinske sestre edukatorke, ki poučujejo paciente o zdravstveni vzgoji pri sladkorni bolezni. Da bi preprečili najhujši zaplet diabetičnega stopala, je zelo pomembno, da medicinske sestre poučijo paciente, kaj je diabetična noga, kaj storiti, da ne pride do zapletov pa tudi glede urejenosti krvnega sladkorja, redne telesne dejavnosti, redne in pravilne nege nog, samopregledovanja nog, pravilne izbire obutve in nogavic ter kam in kdaj naj se obrnejo po pomoč.

Keywords

sladkorna bolezen;diabetično stopalo;presejalni test;zdravstvena vzgoja;nega nog;primerna obutev;zapleti diabetičnega stopala;nevropatsko stopalo;ishemično stopalo;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM - University of Maribor
Publisher:	[K. Meklav]
UDC:	616.379-008.64(043.2)
COBISS:	2307748
Views:	2948
Downloads:	466
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Diabetic foot-complication of diabetes
Secondary abstract:	Background. Diabetes occurs due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. Presence of several characteristics, such as neuropathy, ischaemia and infection is called diabetic foot syndrome, which causes destrucion of tissue and may lead to morbidity or even amputation. The purpose of the master thesis was to present and explore the problem of diabetic foot as a complication of diabetes from the perspective of nurses and patients with diabetes. Research Methodology. Descriptive method analysis of domestic and foreign literature were used for the theoretical part of the study. Qualitative and quantitative methodology were used for the research. The data were collected using a questionnaire for patients with diabetes and a semi-structured interview for nurses working at the clinic. The empirical data obtained were analyzed and processed using a statistical computer program IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and a computer program Microsoft Office Excel 2010.. Results. It is important for patients to be educated about the health education of diabetes patients. They should be presented a diabetic foot, be educated about the correct way to use the antibiotics and be familiarized with the appropriate footwear to prevent problems with movement. In treating a diabetic foot it is important for nurses to recognize what is and what is going to be happening with the foot, to pay more attention to the diabetic foot care, to change bandages and to use the appropriate materials for wound healing. According to the state of diabetic foot, the nurses should know where to refer a patient to for further treatment, despite the fact the doctor makes the final call. Leg amputation is not a common complication of diabetic foot. Patients are well educated about foot care and proper footwear. Most respodents learned from nurses in clinics. Eyesight problems occur with increased age of the patients with diabetes. But problems, such as pedal pulse sensation changes, toenail changes, the presence of ulcers, neurological disorders, arterial hypertension, and an increased level of blood fat are not effected by increased age. Diabetic foot is equally common in men and women. Conclusion. The number of patients with diabetes and diabetic foot is increasing every year. Health education for diabetes has progressed to a degree where clinics have their own schools. Thus patients with diabetes and also nurses are taught about diabetes health education. In order to prevent a serious complication of diabetic foot, it is important for nurses to educate their patients about diabetic foot, blood sugar control, regural physical activity, regural and proper foot care, self foot examination, proper footwear, where and when to get help, and how to avoid complications.
Secondary keywords:	diabetes;diabetic foot;screening test;health education;foot care;appropriate footwear;diabetic foot complications;neuropathic foot;ischemic foot;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Pages:	X, 92 f., 14 f. pril.
ID:	9248528