Babiška nujna stanja

poporodna krvavitev, preeklampsija, fetalni distres in izpadla popkovnica

Nejc Šmalc (Author), Ana Polona Mivšek (Reviewer), Anita Jug Došler (Mentor), Teja Zakšek (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Porod je v človeškem življenju dogodek, ki je mnogokrat preprost, včasih pa se lahko zaplete in ogrozi tako otroka kot mamo. Kljub razvoju v porodništvu in babištvu se incidenca babiških nujnih stanj ni bistveno spremenila. V določenem odstotku pa tudi pri porodu, pri katerem ne pričakujemo zapletov, pride do stanj, ko je potrebno ukrepati dovolj hitro in premišljeno, saj sta ogrožena tako mati kot otrok. Taka stanja imenujemo babiška nujna (urgentna) stanja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti nekatera od babiških nujnih stanj in raziskati možnosti, da se ob njihovi pojavnosti ob pravočasnem in strokovno ustreznem ukrepanju preprečijo oz. zmanjšajo posledice le-teh. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature domačih in tujih avtorjev, ki se ukvarjajo s problematiko različnih babiških nujnih stanj. Rezultati: Babiška nujna stanja zajemajo širok spekter različnih odstopanj od normalnega, fiziološkega naravnega poroda. Poporodna krvavitev je vzrok za 25 % vseh smrti mater in skoraj za polovico poporodnih maternalnih smrti je vzrok PPK. Hipertenzivna obolenja v času nosečnosti so še danes najpogostejši zaplet nosečnosti. Prevalenca vseh oblik hipertenzije v času nosečnosti ostaja še vedno enaka, hudih oblik hipertenzije pa je danes manj. Fetalni distres je najpogosteje posledica slabše nutritivne in respiratorne sposobnosti posteljice, katere sposobnost po 40. tednu hitro upada. Lahko pa se pojavi tudi zaradi oviranega pretoka krvi skozi popkovnico. Incidenca prolapsa popkovnice v povprečju znaša med 1,4 in 6,2 primerov na 1000 nosečnosti. V prvi polovici 20. stoletja je bil odstotek mrtvorojenosti oz. fetalne smrti zaradi prolapsa popkovnice od 32 do 47-odstoten. Po zadnjih podatkih je odstotek perinatalne umrljivosti zaradi prolapsa manjši od 10 %. Razprava in sklep: Babiška nujna stanja so kljub hitremu razvoju v babištvu in porodništvu še vedno aktualen problem, s katerim se babica dnevno srečuje v praksi. Pojavnost vseh štirih omenjenih babiških nujnih stanj ostaja zadnja desetletja sorazmerno enaka, izboljšali pa so se zdravljenje, obravnava in končni izid prizadetih nosečnic, porodnic in otrok. Ocenjujemo, da mora babica prav tako kot zdravnik poznati patofiziologijo teh urgentnih stanj, jih takoj prepoznati ter ustrezno reagirati.

Keywords

diplomska dela;babištvo;poporodna krvavitev;preeklampsija;fetalni distres;izpadla popkovnica;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[N. Šmalc]
UDC:	618.2/.7
COBISS:	5228395
Views:	1985
Downloads:	938
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Midwifery urgent conditions
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Giving birth is an event that may often be simple, but sometimes complications arise which put the child as well as the mother at risk. In spite of the fact that obstetrics and midwifery have progressed to a great extent, the incidence of obstetrical emergencies has not substantially changed. In some deliveries with no foreseen complications there can emerge conditions which demand quick and deliberate measures, as both the mother and the child are endangered. These cases are called midwifery emergencies. Aim: The aim of my diploma work is to present some of the obstetrical emergencies and explore the possibilities to prevent or minimize their consequences by means of prompt and professionally competent action. Methods of work: The descriptive method of having overviewed specialized and scientific literature was used, both by Slovene and foreign authors who have dealt with the problem of different obstetrical emergencies. Results: Obstetrical emergencies comprise a wide spectrum of various deviations from the normal, physiologically natural childbirth. The postpartum haemorrhage is the cause of death in 25 % of all mothers, and maternal mortality rate due to late postpartum bleeding is almost 50 %. In pregnancy, hypertensive disorders have been the most common complications. The prevalence of all types of hypertension stays the same, but there are fewer forms of severe hypertension. Foetal distress is most often the consequence of poorer nutritive and respiratory capacity of the placenta, whose ability rapidly deteriorates after the 40th week. It can also emerge because the blood flow through the umbilical cord has been obstructed. The incidence of the umbilical cord prolapse rates between 1.4 to 6.2 cases in 1000 pregnancies. In the first part of the 20th century the percentage of children being stillborn or foetal deaths through umbilical prolapse was 32 to 47 %. According to the latest information, the percentage of perinatal mortality due to prolapse has been less than 10 %. Argument and conclusion: Obstetrical emergencies are still a pressing problem despite the fast development in obstetrics and midwifery, and midwives confront them on daily basis in their work. Incidence of all four of the above-mentioned obstetrical emergencies has remained relatively unchanged in the last decades, but the therapy, treatment and final outcome of the labouring mothers, pregnant women and children have improved. It has been estimated that not only a doctor, but also a midwife should know the pathophysiology of these emergencies in order to be able to recognize them and react appropriately.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;midwifery;postpartum haemorrhage;pre-eclampsia;foetal distress;umbilical cord prolapse;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Dipl. delo (bolonjski študij), Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za babištvo
Pages:	42 f.
ID:	9578180