pregled literature
Anja Močnik (Author), Martina Bizjak (Reviewer), Marija Milavec Kapun (Mentor), Dejan Sotirov (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo spada v skupino vedenjskih in čustvenih motenj. Odkrita je pri približno 3 do 5 % šoloobveznih otrok. Trije osnovni simptomi so pomanjkljiva in zlahka odvrnljiva pozornost, impulzivnost in hiperaktivnost. Med dejavnike nastanka štejemo biokemične, genetske in nevrološke, diagnosticiranje pa poteka na podlagi simptomov. Kompleksnost problema zahteva celosten pristop, zavračanje farmakološkega zdravljenja s strani nekaterih posameznikov pa nas spodbuja k raziskovanju nefarmakoloških pristopov obravnave. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati, katere nefarmakološke metode za obravnavo otrok in mladostnikov z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo poznamo, kakšna je njihova uspešnost ter kakšno vlogo ima pri obravnavi medicinska sestra. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela. Literatura je bila iskana s pomočjo bibliografskega servisa COBISS.SI ter v bibliografskih bazah CINAHL in MEDLINE. Članki so bili izbrani po pregledu vsebine izvlečka glede relevantnosti, prosti dostopnosti celotnega članka ter časovni omejitvi objave od leta 2006 dalje (razen štirih virov zaradi vsebinske pomembnosti). Rezultati: Nefarmakološki pristopi pri obravnavi motnje so: kognitivno-vedenjska terapija, kjer se posameznik uči obvladovanja svojega vedenja; nevrofeedback metoda, kjer posameznik vpliva na lastno možgansko aktivnost in se jo uči obvladovati; starševski programi, kjer se starši učijo različnih vedenjskih in vzgojnih strategij. Poleg teh metod pa vrsta raziskav potrjuje vpliv prehrane, telesne dejavnosti, spalnih navad in vzorcev ter načina preživljanja prostega časa in ureditve okolja na simptome motnje. Vloga medicinske sestre se po navajanju različnih tujih avtorjev kaže predvsem v povezovanju celotne obravnave in posameznih strokovnjakov med seboj ter z družino in otrokom. Pomembno je, da z otrokom ustvari odnos, ki temelji na zaupanju in spoštovanju ter mu pomaga do boljše samozavesti. Prav tako je velik poudarek na podpori otrokove družine. Razprava in zaključek: Nefarmakološke metode, kot so kognitivno-vedenjska terapija, starševski programi in nevrofeedback v povezavi z zdravim življenjskim slogom in bivalnim okoljem ter dobro organizacijo družinskega življenja, imajo lahko izredno pozitiven vpliv na otroka z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo. Medicinska sestra naj pri obravnavi deluje zdravstveno-vzgojno; v podporo celotni družini; aktivno pa naj deluje tudi v skupnosti, kjer naj se zavzema za zdravo okolje in motivira ljudi za zdrav življenjski slog. Uspešno lahko deluje tudi v šolskem okolju.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;motnja pozornosti;hiperaktivnost;nefarmakološko zdravljenje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [A. Močnik]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5226347 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1950
Downloads: 540
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂrole of nurse in nonpharmacological approach to dealing with children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is part of the behavior and emotions defects group. It is found in approximately 3-5% of schoolchildren. The three basic symptoms are bad and mildly fading concentration, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. The causes can be biochemical, genetic and neurological. Diagnostic determination is carried out according to the symptoms. The complexity of the problem requires a comprehensive approach but some individuals refusing pharmacological treatment motivates us to explore non-pharmacological methods. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore known non-pharmacological methods of working with children and youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and how successful they are and what is the role of nurses in this. Working methods: A descriptive method of work was used. The literature was researched using COBISS.SI bibliographic services and MEDLINE and CINAHL bibliographic base. Articles were selected by reviewing an extract of the contents for relevancy, free availability of the overall article and the time constraints of publications from 2006 onwards (except four sources because of the importance of their contents). Results: Non-pharmacological approaches for discussing the disorder are: cognitively acting therapy where the individual learns to control his behavior; the neuro-feedback method in which the individual has an impact on their own brain activity and learn to control it and parenting programs where parents learn about different kinds of behavioral and educational strategies. In addition to these methods, we have a series of studies that confirm the influence of diet, physical activity, sleeping habits and patterns as well as leisure time and adapting the environment to signs of symptoms of the disorder. The role of nurses according to various foreign authors appears primarily to be connecting the overall processing and cooperation between individual experts as well as between them and the family and child. It is important that a child creates a relationship that is based on trust and respect and helps him to gain more confidence. Stress also plays a big role in supporting the child's family. Discussion and conclusion: Non-pharmacological methods such as cognitively acting therapy, parenting programs and neuro-feedback in connection with a healthy lifestyle and living environment and a well organized family life, can have a very positive influence on a child with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The role of nurses in this concept should be as health educator; they should support the whole family; they should have an active role in the team trying to create healthy surroundings and motivate people to live a healthy lifestyle. They can also work successfully in a school environment.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;attention deficit disorder;hyperactivity disorder;non-pharmacological treatment;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Dipl. delo (bolonjski študij), Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 28 str.
ID: 9590710