Vplivi novega kapitalskega sporazuma pri kreditiranju malih in srednjih podjetij v Novi KBM

diplomsko delo

Metka Hojs (Author), Dušan Zbašnik (Mentor)

Abstract

Podjetniki, ki so prerasli fazo ustanovitve v svojem življenjskem ciklu in so v fazi razvoja in rasti podjetja, so svoje največje težave pri poslovanju strnili v dve ključni točki. Pri širitvi poslovanja kot prvo težavo navajajo pridobitev ustreznih kadrov. Zanimivo je, da je bil v raziskavi o financiranju MSP v Sloveniji leta 2002 ta problem izpostavljen kot bolj žgoč od pričakovanega, ki bi naj bil največji pri razvoju podjetja, to je financiranje. Podjetniki so težave pri dostopu do virov financiranja postavili šele na drugo mesto. MSP so v Evropi in v Sloveniji izjemen potencial za gospodarstvo. Njihov obstoj in delovanje ob drugih dejavnikih pomembno pogojuje tudi ustrezno finančno okolje in viri financiranja. Dolžniško financiranje v obliki bančnih kreditov je za MSP najbolj dostopen vir kapitala, kljub temu, da je drag in v omejenih količinah. Danes, v času finančne krize in na pragu recesije, so se pogoji za pridobitev bančnih kreditov za MSP še zaostrili. K temu so v določeni meri prispevale tudi spremembe in določila novega kapitalskega sporazuma Basel II ter zahteve evropske direktive CAD3, ki od poslovnih bank zahtevata kapitalsko ustreznost, prilagojeno boniteti komitentov in podrobno opredelitev vseh tveganj, katerim so banke izpostavljene pri svojem poslovanju. Težko bi trdili, da je vpliv Basla II za kreditiranje MSP ugoden. Zaradi individualne presoje tveganosti vsakega bančnega posla posebej, so na slabšem predvsem mlada podjetja in tista s slabimi finančnimi rezultati poslovanja. Kreditiranje MSP je s strani bank ocenjeno kot zelo tvegano, ker vedno obstaja možnost prepletanja podjetniških financ z zasebno porabo. Pri odobravanju kreditov MSP banke izdelajo bonitetno oceno podjetja na osnovi preteklih poslovnih rezultatov ter načrtovanih bodočih poslovnih izidov za najmanj eno leto, pri dolgoročnem kreditiranju pa tudi do pet let. Zelo pomembno je, da podjetnik posreduje bančnemu delavcu čim več informacij o svoji dejavnosti, poslovnih partnerjih in trgih, na katerih posluje ter predstavi bodoče načrte za razvoj in rast podjetja in ponudi ustrezno zavarovanje za predlagani kreditni posel. Evropa na čelu z Evropsko komisijo se zaveda pomena MSP za evropsko gospodarstvo, zato namenja MSP veliko pozornost in milijone evrov finančne pomoči za financiranje obratnega kapitala, za izvajanje mednarodnih poslov, za internacionalizacijo, za vlaganja v raziskave, razvoj in inovacije ter za okoljevarstvene naložbe. Finančna sredstva so MSP na voljo v obliki kratkoročnih in dolgoročnih kreditov, v obliki subvencij, donacij in garancij ter v obliki jamstev. MSP pa morajo poznati pot do informacij o virih, ki so na razpolago, načine kako do njih dostopati in vedeti kateri so zanje v dani situaciji razvoja podjetja pravi in najugodnejši. Preživetje finančne krize in recesije lahko primerjamo z golim preživetjem v naravi, kjer preživijo samo najboljši. Menim, da bodo to krizo preživela tista MSP, ki bodo imela pravo idejo, jasne cilje, aktivno delovanje, motivirane zaposlene, ki bodo uspela vzpostaviti uspešna partnerstva in najti pravo banko.

Keywords

financiranje;poslovne finance;mala podjetja;srednja podjetja;krediti;kapital;tveganje;bančno poslovanje;sporazumi;finančna kriza;zavarovanje;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2009
Source:	Maribor
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher:	[M. Hojs]
UDC:	336.717.5:330.131.7
COBISS:	10044444
Views:	2650
Downloads:	212
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Influence of the new Basel kapital accord with financing small and moddle size companies in Nova KBM
Secondary abstract:	Businessmen, who have outgrown the phase of founding in their life cycle and are in the phase of development and company growth, have united their greatest operation problems into two key points. As their first problem at company extension they state acquisition of suitable staff. It is interesting that in the research about financing of SMB in Slovenia in 2002 this problem was exposed as more problematic than expected that should be the greatest at company development and that is financing. Entrepreneurs have put problems with access to sources of funds only on the second place. SMB are an exceptional potential for the economy in Europe and in Slovenia. An important condition for their existence and operation is among others also an appropriate financial context and sources of funds. Even though it is expensive and limited, the most accessible source of funds for SMB is debt financing in the form of bank credits. Nowadays in the time of financial crisis and recession the conditions for the acquisition of bank credits for SMB have gotten even stricter. Also contributing to this were the changes and provisions of the new capital accord Basel II and the requirements of the EU directive CAD3 that demand from the commercial banks capital adequacy, adapted to the credit rating of the client and a detailed definition of all risks, to which all banks are exposed at their operation. We could hardly say that the influence of the Basel II for the crediting of the SMB is favourable. Because of the individual judgement of risk for every single bank transaction, especially start-up businesses and businesses with bad financial results are in a disadvantageous position. The crediting of SMB is from the bank’s point of view rated as very risky, because there is always a chance of mixing the business finances with personal ones. For credit approval for SMB the bank always makes a credit rating of the firm on the basis of past business results and planned future profit or loss for at least one year, and for long term credit also up to five years. It is vital that the businessman mediates as much information as possible to the bank employee about his or her activity, business partners and markets where he is doing business and presents future plans for the company’s development and growth and offers suitable insurance for the proposed loan operation. Europe with the European Commission is aware of the meaning of SMB for the European economy that is why it gives a lot of attention to it and millions of euros of financial assistance for the financing of the working capital, for international businesses, for internationalization, for research, development and innovation investments and for environmental investments. Financial resources are available for SMB in the form of short-term or long-term loans, subsidies, donations, guarantees and sureties. SMB should know the way to the information on the available sources, manners to access them and knowing which ones are suitable and favourable for them in their situation of company development. The survival of the financial crisis and the recession can be compared with bare survival in the nature, where only the best ones survive. I believe that this crisis will be survived only by those SMB that have the right idea, clear objectives, active operation, motivated staff that can establish the right partnerships and find the right bank.
Secondary keywords:	financing;SMB;credit risk;bank credits;Basel II;capital requirements;financial crisis;insurance;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages:	59 str.
Keywords (UDC):	social sciences;družbene vede;economics;economic science;ekonomija;ekonomske vede;finance;finance;money;monetary system;banking;stock exchanges;denar;monetarni sistem;bančništvo;borzništvo;social sciences;družbene vede;economics;economic science;ekonomija;ekonomske vede;economics in general;ekonomija na splošno;ekonomisti;ekonomske vede;science of economics;basic economic concepts;theory;value;capital;funds;ekonomska znanost;temeljni ekonomski koncepti;teorija;vrednost;kapital;skladi;
ID:	987344