diplomsko delo
Janja Jurič (Author), Etelka Korpič-Horvat (Mentor)

Abstract

Vsaka nezgoda ima svoj vzrok, ki je sestavljen iz več dejavnikov. Najdemo jih v človeku in v delovni okolici, v splošnem pa razlikujemo dve vrsti vzrokov, in sicer objektivne (materialne) in subjektivne (človeške) vzroke. Da bi se število nezgod v največji možni meri zmanjšalo, ima delodajalec številne obveznosti za zagotovitev varnega in zdravega dela. Ena izmed teh je izdelava in sprejem izjave o varnosti, s katero določi način in ukrepe za zagotavljanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu in jo mora dopolnjevati ob vsaki novi nevarnosti in spremembi ravni tveganja, sestavni del pa je ocena tveganja, katere cilj je vnaprej zagotoviti, da se nihče ne bo poškodoval ali zbolel zaradi dela. Vse pravice in obveznosti tako delodajalca kot tudi delavca so jasno opredeljene v Zakonu o delovnih razmerjih in v Zakonu o varnosti in zdravju pri delu. Z ekonomskega vidika je pomemben vpliv varstva pri delu na gospodarjenje podjetja in na narodno ekonomijo. Tako lahko na ravni države, na ravni podjetja in na ravni delavca opazujemo različne interese za učinkovito in uspešno varnost in zdravje pri delu ter primerjamo, kakšen je vpliv posledic poškodb pri delu za posamezno raven. Ločimo dve vrsti stroškov, ki so povezani z varstvom in nezgodami, in sicer neposredni stroški in posredni stroški, izgube. Manj nezgod in poškodb pri delu pomeni tudi manjše narodno gospodarske stroške, kar pomeni, da odgovornost in finančne obremenitve nosi tudi država poleg delodajalcev. Le zdrav delavec na urejenem delovnem mestu je najbolj produktiven delavec in zato so vlaganja v varnost in zdravje pri delu postala tudi eden od parametrov za ocenjevanje uspešnosti podjetja. Posebej pomembna je odškodninska odgovornost delodajalca za škodo, ki je delavcu nastala zaradi poškodbe pri delu ali v zvezi z delom. Za nastanek te vrste odgovornosti morajo biti izpolnjene splošne predpostavke splošnega civilnega delikta (protipravno ravnanje, škoda, vzročna zveza in krivda). Sodišče mora v vsakem konkretnem primeru najprej ugotoviti ali se je delavec poškodoval pri delu ali v zvezi z delom in če so podani pogoji za subjektivno ali objektivno odškodninsko odgovornost. Najpogostejši ugovor delodajalca je, da je tudi delavec sam delno prispeval k nastanku škode (neskrbno ravnanje) in v tem primeru delodajalec nosi dokazno breme, na določitev deleža odgovornosti delodajalca pa vpliva več dejavnikov. Lahko pa je podana tudi kazenska odgovornost delodajalca zaradi ogrožanja varnosti pri delu po 201. členu KZ-1. V Sloveniji je za odločanje v individualnih delovnih sporih med delodajalcem in delavcem pristojno delovno sodišče. Delavec lahko od delodajalca oziroma zavarovalnice v odškodninskem zahtevku zahteva povrnitev vse škode, ki nastane v zvezi z nesrečo pri delu, ki lahko obsega tako premoženjsko (navadna škoda in/ali izgubljeni dobiček) kot tudi nepremoženjsko škodo. Namen teh zahtevkov je, da se za vsako nastalo škodo posebej odmeri pravična oziroma t.i. popolna odškodnina. Na tem področju je praksa slovenskih sodišč kar obsežna. Iz statističnih podatkov o nesrečah pri delu v Sloveniji za leto 2009 izhaja, da je bilo prijavljenih 15.011 nezgod. Inšpektorji so bili obveščeni o 23 nezgodah pri delu, v katerih se je smrtno poškodovalo 25 delavcev, obravnavali pa so jih 22. Glavni vzrok smrti je bilo prevozno sredstvo, sledi padec z višine, delovanje električnega toka in porušitev gradbene konstrukcije. Inšpektorji so opravili 7.716 pregledov in ugotovili 15.542 kršitev s področja varnosti in zdravja pri delu. Zadnja leta ugotavljajo iste nepravilnosti, precej več kot v preteklih letih pa je bilo ugotovljenih vsebinskih pomanjkljivosti pri izjavah o varnosti.

Keywords

delovno pravo;nesreče pri delu;stroški varstva;odškodnine;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Source: Maribor
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [J. Jurič]
UDC: 34(043.2)
COBISS: 4147755 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ACCIDENTS AT WORK AND THE EMPLOYER´S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES
Secondary abstract: Each accident has a cause which is composed of several factors. They are found in humans and in a work area, generally distinguish two types of causes, namely the objective (material) and subjective (human) causes. That a number of accidents reduce to a greatest extent possible, an employer has many obligations to ensure safe and healthy work. One of these is a production and adoption of the safety statement, with which determines methods and measures to ensure a safety and health at work and it must be complemented whith each new threats and changes in risk levels, integral part of the safety statement is the risk assessment, which aims to advance to ensure that nobody is injured or ill because of work. All rights and obligations of employer and employee are clearly defined in the Labour Relation Act and in the Act of Safety and Health at Work. From an economic perspective is important impact of safety at work on a managment company and national economy. You can observe different interests for effective and efficient safety and health at work at country level, at company level and at level of worker and compare influence effect of injuries at work at each level. There are two types of costs related with protection and accidents, namely the direct costs and indirect costs, loss. Fewer accidents and injuries at work also means smaller national economic costs, which means that responsibility and financial burdens borne by state in addition to employers. Only health worker in a regulated workplace is the most productive worker, and so investment in safety and health at work has also become one of the parameters for assessing a success of company. Particularly important is the employer's liability for damages for injury to a worker caused by an injury at work or work-related. For creating this type of responsibility must be fulfilled general assumptions of general civil delict (unlawful conduct, damage, causal link and fault). The court must in each individual case determine whether a worker is injured at work or in conection with work and if there are conditions for subjective or objective liability for damages. The most common objection is that a worker himself partly contributed to an injury (uncarefully handling) and in this case, an employer bears a burden of proof, to determine an employer's share of responsibility than influence several factors. But it can also be made criminal liability of an employer due to security threats at work by Article 201 of the Slovenian Penal Code. In Slovenia, the labor court has jurisdiction in individual labor disputes between employers and workers. An employee may claim from an employer or from an insurance company for compensation to reimburse all damages resulting in an accident at work, which can include both material (common injury and/or loss of profits) as well as non-pecuniary damage. A purpose of these applications is that for any damage assessment fair or so-called full compensation. In this area is a practice of Slovenian courts extensive. The statistics on accidents at work in Slovenia for 2009 show that 15.011 accidents were reported. Inspectors have been informed of 23 incidents at work, in which 25 workers died, 22 incidents at work were discussed. Leading cause of death was a means of transport, followed by a fall from a height, an operation of electrical power and a destruction of building structures. Inspectors have carried on 7.716 inspections and found out 15.542 violations of health and safety at work. In last years they note same irregularities, much more than in previous years were identified material weaknesses in the safety statement.
Secondary keywords: accident at work;safety statement;risk assessment;costs of protecting;liability for damages;compensation;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Pages: 66 f.
Keywords (UDC): social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;
ID: 994344