Trgovanje z belim blagom v slovenski kazenski zakonodaji

diplomsko delo

Saša Car (Author), Zlatko Dežman (Mentor)

Abstract

Trgovina z ljudmi ima svoje zgodovinske, kulturne, sociološke, politične, psihološke in še marsikatere druge korenine in posledice. Začetke trgovine z ljudmi lahko iščemo v daljni preteklosti, ko so uvedli suženjstvo. Posledica trgovine z ljudmi je namreč razpolaganje z osebo, oziroma ravnanje z osebo, kot s predmetom z namenom izkoriščanja, kar dejansko pomeni, da je oseba v lasti nekoga in da mu je odvzeta svoboda. Med najbolj perečimi oblikami organiziranega kriminala, postaja v današnjem času prav trgovina z ljudmi, zlasti z ženskami in otroki za namene spolnega izkoriščanja, prisilnega dela, suženjstva ter trgovine z organi. Trgovina z ljudmi je, iz leta v leto obsežnejša, saj je vsako leto ugrabljenih, ogoljufanih, prodanih in zavedenih več ljudi kot si lahko predstavljamo. Trgovina z ljudmi je svetovni pojav, ki dobiva vedno večje razsežnosti in pušča za seboj hude posledice za varnost, blaginjo in človekove pravice. V trgovino z ljudmi so najpogosteje zavedene ženske, v starosti od 15 do 30 let, narašča pa tudi število otrok in mladoletnic, ki postanejo žrtve trgovine z ljudmi. Največkrat so to osebe z nizko izobrazbo, prihajajo iz družin s težavami ali iz okolja, kjer so zlorabljene zaradi česar vidijo ponudbo dobro plačanega dela v tujini kot beg v boljšo prihodnost. Pri tem se ponavadi izkaže, da je šlo le za lažne obljube in da se je žrtev pravzaprav znašla v pajkovi mreži trgovcev z ljudmi, iz katere je zelo težko ali praktično nemogoče zbežati. Če pa jim že uspe zbežati, je na drugi strani država, ki pogojuje pomoč žrtvi le v primeru, da se le-ta odloči za sodelovanje z organi pregona. Dejavnikov, ki ustvarjajo trgovino z ljudmi je veliko, predvsem so to globalizacija, ki je olajšala gibanje ljudi, kapitala in poslov prek državnih meja, gospodarske in politične spremembe znotraj posameznih držav, na mednarodni ravni pa so se zaostrile razlike med bogatimi in revnim slojem, visok profit v primerjavi z nizkim tveganjem. Natančnih podatkov o številu žrtev trgovine z ljudmi in trgovcih ni, predvsem zaradi neprimerne ali neobstoječe zakonodaje, ki bi služila kot podlaga za ustanovitev tovrstne baze podatkov. Prav tako pri tovrstnih vprašanjih ni usklajenosti med vladnimi in nevladnimi organizacijami. Velik delež k temu pa prispevajo tudi trgovci, ki z iznajdljivostjo vedno najdejo nove poti. Okvirni podatki kažejo na to, da je žrtev trgovine z ljudmi vsako leto na milijone in da so zaslužki trgovcev enormni. Ukrepe proti trgovanju z ljudmi najdemo v kazenski zakonodaji, nekatere države po so šle celo dlje in so, za namene preprečevanja trgovanja z ljudmi, sprejele posebne zakone, kar je zelo pohvalno, vendar pa je teh držav le peščica. Da lahko država zagotavlja pregon trgovcev z ljudmi je nujno sodelovanje vseh pristojnih, to je mednarodnih, vladnih in nevladnih organizacij, kot tudi policije in tožilstva. Zanimivo je tudi dejstvo, da kljub visoko predpisanim kaznim, v nekaterih državah tudi do 20 let zapora ali celo doživljenski zapor, dejansko pa, ko je prišlo do same obsodbe storilca, je bila kazen relativno nizka. Z diplomsko nalogo sem želela predvsem opozoriti na prisotnost tovrstne oblike organiziranega kriminala v Sloveniji in s tem vzbuditi večje zanimanje za preprečevanje nastale problematike.

Keywords

kazensko pravo;trgovanje z ljudmi;tihotapljenje;migracije;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2012
Source:	Murska Sobota
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[S. Car]
UDC:	34(043.2)
COBISS:	4330539
Views:	4259
Downloads:	547
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Trafficking in human beings in the Slovenian criminal legislation
Secondary abstract:	Human trafficking has its historical, cultural, sociological, political, psychological, and other origins and consequences. We can search for the beginnings of human trafficking in the distant past, when they introduced slavery. The consequence of human trafficking is that the person is at ones disposal and that this person is being handled like an object for the purpose of exploitation, which actually means that this person is owned by somebody else and that they were deprived of their liberty. Nowadays, human trafficking is among the most controversial forms of organized crime, especially trafficking with women and children for the purposes of sexual abuse, forced labour, slavery and organ trafficking. Human trafficking is spreading rapidly, as each year numerous people are being kidnapped, cheated, sold, or taken away. It is a growing global problem leaving behind severe consequences for safety, prosperity and human rights. Human trafficking usually affects women aged 15 to 30 years; however the number of children and under aged girls, who become victims of human trafficking, is increasing. In most cases these are the persons with lower education, they come from families with problems or from the environment where they were abused and they see the offer of well paid job abroad as an escape into a better future, while this usually turns out to be merely a false promise and the victims find themselves caught in spider’s web of traffickers from which the escape is very difficult or practically impossible. In the case they actually do manage to escape, they have to deal with the fact that the country will only help them in the case of their cooperation with the prosecuting authorities. There are a lot of factors that are responsible for the spread of human trafficking, among them globalization which has eased the movement of the people, capital and businesses across the countries’ borders, furthermore there are economic and political changes within individual countries, and internationally the differences among the rich and the poor are strengthened – high profit vs. low risk. It is impossible to speak of the exact numbers of human trafficking victims and traffickers because of inappropriate and non-existing legislation which would serve as a basis for the establishment of a database with the cases of human trafficking; this is also impossible because NGOs and police cannot reach an agreement among themselves, and finally it is impossible because of ingenious traffickers which are always able to find new ways for their work. However the approximate numbers show that each year there are millions of human trafficking victims, and that the profits of traffickers are enormous. We can find measures against human trafficking in criminal laws, some countries went even further and they enforced special laws to fight human trafficking which is very commendatory; however there are still only few such countries. In order to ensure the prosecution of human traffickers, cooperation between all authorities is necessary. That means that international, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, as well as police and prosecution have to work together. It is also interesting that in spite high penalties (in some countries in can be 20 years to life), in the cases when it actually came to the conviction of the perpetrator, their punishment was relatively mild. I wanted to use this graduation thesis to draw attention to the presence of such forms of organized crime in Slovenia and consequently raise awareness for the prevention of this occurring problem.
Secondary keywords:	human trafficking;slavery;organ trafficking;traffickers;victims;organized crime.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	IV, 66 f.
Keywords (UDC):	social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;
ID:	997209