Optimizacija zalog

delo diplomskega seminarja

Anja Štrafela (Avtor), Majda Bastič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Zaloge predstavljajo v organizacijah pomemben del njenih sredstev, zato je primerno upravljanje z njimi ključnega pomena za uspešnost poslovanja. Odgovorni za zaloge se v mnogih primerih ne zavedajo dovolj, da previsoke zaloge povzročajo stroške že s tem, ko zgolj ležijo v skladišču. Kljub obilici teorije, številnim metodam in tehnikam za obvladovanje zalog, je resničnost poslovnega sveta pogosto drugačna od idealnih predpostavk teorije, zato je potrebno zraven teorije dobro poznati tudi praktične izkušnje drugih podjetij in napake lastne organizacije iz preteklosti. Uspešno upravljanje z zalogami je mogoče doseči le z veliko vloženega truda in znanja zaposlenih na vseh organizacijskih ravneh. V osnovi je tako mogoče trditi, da je za podjetje najbolje, če ima čim manjše zaloge, saj se na ta način izogiba stroškom. Po drugi strani je za podjetje pomanjkanje določenega izdelka še najdražja možnost. Dodatno možnost za nižje stroške zalog predstavljajo zanesljivi dobavitelji, prav tako pri zmanjšanju stroškov pomagajo dobri odnosi med dobaviteljem in kupcem. Prav zato moramo z dobavitelji graditi na partnerskih odnosih. Ocenjevanje dobaviteljev je pomemben pokazatelj kvalitete dobavitelja in njegovega odnosa do kupca. Ocenjevanja se je potrebno lotiti sistematsko in načrtno. Podjetje mora določiti kriterije, ki so za njih najpomembnejši, ter prioritetno listo pomembnosti dobaviteljev. Zagotovo se ni smiselno ukvarjati z vsemi dobavitelji z enako intenzivnostjo. Najpomembnejše, kar lahko iztržimo od rednega ocenjevanja dobaviteljev, je napredek le teh in napredek samega odnosa dobavitelj-kupec. Sam izbor dobaviteljev je lahko zelo zahteven, saj moramo pri tem proučiti mnogo dejstev, zbrati in preučiti mnogo podatkov, upoštevati pa tudi mnogo subjektivnih dejstev. Vloga dobaviteljev v zadnjem času narašča, s tem pa tudi narašča potreba po objektivnem ocenjevanju. Tak sistem ocenjevanja je relativno enostaven in hiter, če je podprt z ustreznim računalniškim programom. Tak način ocenjevanja dobaviteljev sem predstavila v nalogi, in sicer s programom Dexi. Tukaj gre predvsem za vprašanje kako bomo posamezna odločitvena pravila ovrednotili. Če je našemu podjetju najpomembnejša kakovost bomo temu kriteriju pripisali najvišjo utež, na tej osnovi bo program izbiral najprimernejšega dobavitelja. Objektivne metode ocenjevanja dobaviteljev podprte z računalniškimi sistemi, uporabljajo predvsem srednje velika in velika podjetja, medtem ko v majhnih podjetjih izbirajo dobavitelje na podlag običajno treh prejetih ponudb, cenovno najugodnejša je izbrana, velik del ocenjevanja temelji tudi na subjektivnih metodah. Razlog da se v majhnih podjetjih redkeje odločajo za objektivne metode ocenjevanja dobaviteljev podprte z računalniškimi sistemi, je v prevelikih investicijskih stroških, ki jih takšen sistem terja.

Ključne besede

optimizacija;zaloge;analiza;stroški;dobavitelji;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2010
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Štrafela]
UDK:	519.863:658.78
COBISS:	10533148
Št. ogledov:	3072
Št. prenosov:	352
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Inventory optimization
Sekundarni povzetek:	Stocks represent an important part of company's assets, which is why the appropriate management of stocks is of key importance for the company's performance. Those responsible for the stocks are mostly unaware that holding too much stock incurs costs only by keeping the stock in the warehouse. Despite the abundance of theories, methods and techniques for stock control, the reality of business world often differs from the ideal assumptions in theory, which is why a good knowledge of other companies' practices is required along with the theory, as well as consideration of the previous mistakes in a company's organization. Successful stock management can only be achieved by means of great deal of effort and the knowledge of employees at all organisational levels. Basically, it can be argued that a company should minimize its stock in order to avoid additional costs. On the other hand, lacking a certain product may present even bigger costs to a company. Moreover, additional option for stock cost reduction is reliable suppliers, as well as a good relationship between the supplier and the buyer. For the same reason it is necessary to develop and build upon a good partnership relations. Assessment of suppliers is an important indicator of their work quality and attitude towards the buyer. Assessment must be performed systematically and it should be planned. The company has to determine the criteria which they believe are the most important, as well as the priority list of suppliers according to their level of importance. All suppliers should not be dealt with the same amount of importance. Regular assessment of suppliers may influence the progress in supplier's performance as well as the progress in supplier-customer relationship. The selection process of suppliers may be very demanding, since a great deal of facts must be considered, also the subjective facts, and the data must be gathered and studied. The role of suppliers has been increasing lately and the requirement for objective assessment has been increasing as well. This kind of assessment system is relatively simple and fast if supported by suitable computer software. This sort of assessment system has been introduced in this paper by means of Dexi computer software. The basic issue is how to evaluate individual decision rule. Should our company consider quality as the most important characteristic, it will be regarded as the highest criterion; on this basis the computer program will select the most suitable supplier. The objective methods of supplier assessment, supported by computer systems, are used mostly by medium-sized and large enterprises, while small enterprises normally select their suppliers on the basis of three offers received. The company selects the most cost attractive offers. The major part of the assessment is based on subjective methods. The reason why small enterprises refuse to use the objective methods of supplier assessment, supported by computer systems, is that such a system incurs too many investment costs.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Stock analysis;optimisation models for independent stocks;inventory costs;Dexi.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Delo diplomskega seminarja/zaključno seminarsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani:	38 str.
Ključne besede (UDK):	mathematics;natural sciences;naravoslovne vede;matematika;mathematics;matematika;operational research (or): mathematical theories and methods;operacijsko raziskovanje;applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;communication and transport industries;accountancy;business management;public relations;komunikacije in transport;knjigovodstvo;poslovni menedžment;stiki z javnostjo;business management;administration;commercial organization;poslovni menedžment;administracija;komercialna organizacija;buying;purchasing;procurement;management of stock;kupovanje;nabava;upravljanje z zalogami;
ID:	1012859