Merjenje koncentracije radona v stanovanjskih hišah v Sloveniji

diplomsko delo

Jani Žvokelj (Avtor), Lucija Hanžič (Mentor), Janja Vaupotič (Komentor)

Povzetek

Radon je radioaktiven žlahten plin, ki nastaja v zemeljski skorji in materialih, ki vsebujejo radij. Najpomembnejši radonov izotop je 222Rn, ki razpada v radonove kratkožive razpadne produkte. Ti se pri dihanju odlagajo na stenah dihalnih poti ter z obsevanjem poškodujejo bližnje tkivo, kar lahko vodi do pojava raka na pljučih. V uvodu diplomskega dela so opisane fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti radona, njegov transport skozi zemljino in vstop v zgradbe ter njegov vpliv na zdravje ljudi. V nadaljevanju so podane raziskave in meritve, ki so bile izvedene v Sloveniji, podani so geološki podatki in prikazana področja, kjer lahko pričakujemo povišane koncentracije radona. Drugi del diplomskega dela opisuje meritve koncentracije radona v stanovanjskih stavbah in opremo, ki je zato potrebna. Meritve so potekale v zimskem času na štirih geološko raznolikih lokacijah, in sicer v Brežicah, Novem mestu, Ljubljani in Kranju. Meritve radona sem izvedel z aktivno metodo za merjenje trenutne koncentracije radona v zraku. Pri tem sem uporabil alfa scintilacijske celice, ki so jih izdelali na Institutu "Jožef Stefan". Koncentracije radona v vzorcih sem nato izmeril na prenosnem merilniku radona PRM 145. Pridobljene rezultate sem analiziral in jih primerjal z rezultati iz predhodne meritve. Nato sem na litološko karto Slovenije vrisal točke, kjer se nahajajo stavbe in tako določil tip podlage. Sočasno z odvzemom vzorcev sem opravil tudi ogled objekta in skušal najti vzroke za povišane koncentracije radona. Rezultati meritev so pokazali, da so maksimalne koncentracije radona v opazovanih objektih v območju od 400 do 1200 Bq m-3. V študiji izvedeni leta 2003 so bile koncentracije v teh objektih v območju od 900 do 4000 Bq m-3, kar pomeni da sem izmeril ~ 60 % nižje koncentracije.

Ključne besede

radon;koncentracija radona;stanovanjske zgradbe;radon v zraku;radioaktivnost;merjenje;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2011
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FGPA - Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, prometno inženirstvo in arhitekturo
Založnik:	[J. Žvokelj]
UDK:	546.296:69.01(043.2)
COBISS:	15250966
Št. ogledov:	5146
Št. prenosov:	473
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Measurements of radon concentration in Slovenian dwellings
Sekundarni povzetek:	Radon is a radioactive noble gas which is emitted from earth’s crust and materials that contain radium. The most important radon isotope is 222Rn, which decays into radon’s short-lived decay products. These enter human body by breathing and are deposited on lung tissue causing harm to the surrounding cells by the irradiation, which may lead to lung cancer. In the introduction of the thesis physical and chemical properties of radon, its transportation through soil, entry to buildings and influence on human health are described. Furthermore, the results of measurements which were carried out throughout Slovenia in the past are given. Geological data and regions where higher concentrations of radon are expected are analysed. The second part of the thesis represents the measurements of radon concentration in dwelling-houses and the equipment used in the study. Measurements were carried out in winter on four geologically different locations, namely in Brežice, Novo mesto, Ljubljana and Kranj. Radon measurements were conducted by an active method for measuring the instantaneous concentrations of radon in the air. Alpha scintillation cells, manufactured by the "Jožef Stefan" Institute were used for sampling and the concentrations of radon were measured by the portable PRM 145 radon monitor. The results were analysed and compared with the results obtained in the study performed in 2003. Locations of buildings were marked on the geological map of Slovenia and the type of soil was determined. Buildings were also inspected in order to find causes for high radon concentrations. The results show that maximum concentrations in studied dwelling-houses are in the range of 400 to 1200 Bq m-3, which is ~ 60 % lower than concentrations measured in 2003. Namely, the latter study yielded results in the range of 900 do 4000 Bq m-3.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	radon;indoor radon concentrations;measurement;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za gradbeništvo, Gradbeništvo
Strani:	XI, 27 f.
Ključne besede (UDK):	mathematics;natural sciences;naravoslovne vede;matematika;chemistry;crystallography;mineralogy;kemija;inorganic chemistry;anorganska kemija;applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;building (construction) trade;building materials;building practice and procedure;gradbeništvo;gradbeni materiali;gradbene obrti in dela;
ID:	1015046