diplomski projekt
Ana Drašković (Avtor), Silvo Dajčman (Mentor)

Povzetek

Eden izmed glavnih problemov, s katerim se srečuje vsako gospodarstvo, je brezposelnost, ki je v zadnjih letih postala zelo visoka, zlasti pri mladih. Pred svetovno finančno krizo je bila stopnja brezposelnosti v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem relativno nizka, med krizo pa je začela naraščati. V diplomskem projektu smo posebej za tri proučevane države, tj. Slovenijo, Hrvaško in Nemčijo, skušali razložiti vzroke brezposelnosti in njeno spreminjanje, razlike glede na spol, izobrazbo ter starost (osredotočili smo se predvsem na mlajše). Ugotovili smo, da je stopnja brezposelnosti na Hrvaškem relativno večji problem kot v drugih analiziranih državah. Razloge za to lahko pripišemo pomanjkanju učinkovitih gospodarskih reform in v politiki trga dela. V Sloveniji je bila stopnja brezposelnosti nizka do leta 2008, po letu 2009 se je iz leta v leto zviševala in v letu 2013 dosegla najvišjo stopnjo v obdobju proučevanja (tj. med letoma 2002 in 2015). Po letu 2009 je stopnja brezposelnosti rasla v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem, medtem ko se je v Nemčiji zniževala. Najnižja stopnja brezposelnosti v Nemčiji je bila zabeležena leta 2015, ko se je prav tako znižala stopnja brezposelnosti v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem, a je bila v slednjih vseeno med višjimi v proučevanem obdobju. V nalogi analiziramo ukrepe aktivne politike trga dela v obravnavanih državah. Nemčija je začela v letu 2003 uveljavljati Hartzovo reformo, ki je temeljila na štirih korakih. Prvi korak je bil povečanje učinkovitosti trga dela. Naslednje leto je začela z drugim in tretjim korakom, pri čemer je šlo za aktiviranje prebivalstva ter aktivno zaposlovanje. Četrti korak je bil zniževanje socialne pomoči in nadomestila za brezposelnost, s katerim je začela leta 2005. V Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem so bile od leta 2007 izvedene različne reforme, katerih namen je bilo zmanjšati stopnjo brezposelnosti, a se niso izkazale kot najbolj uspešne. Iz tega razloga je Evropska komisija od Slovenije in Hrvaške zahtevala, da izboljšata ukrepe aktivne politike zaposlovanja. Prav tako sta morali v letu 2012 Evropski komisiji predstaviti programe aktivne politike zaposlovanja. Ukrepi so bili osredotočeni na ponovno aktiviranje brezposelnih in večjo integracijo nezaposlenih na trgu dela. Hartzova reforma se je v Nemčiji pokazala za zelo učinkovito, saj se je od leta 2005 stopnja brezposelnosti začela počasi zniževati in tudi svetovna finančna kriza ni imela velikega vpliva na nemško gospodarstvo. V Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem žal ni bilo tako. V raziskavi, ki je bila predmet tega dela, smo proučevali štiri hipoteze. Hipotezo H1, ki pravi, da je stopnja brezposelnosti med obravnavanimi državami največja na Hrvaškem, smo z analizo pridobljenih podatkov potrdili. Tudi hipotezo H2, ki trdi, da so najbolj neugodna razmerja v stopnji brezposelnosti glede na spol na Hrvaškem, smo na osnovi empiričnih podatkov potrdili. Hipotezo H3, ki pravi, da je stopnja brezposelnosti po letu 2008 naraščala hitreje v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem, smo potrdili na podlagi empiričnega raziskovanja, kjer smo medsebojno primerjali stopnjo brezposelnosti od leta 2002 do leta 2015. Prav tako smo potrdili hipotezo H4, da se je Hartzova reforma v Nemčiji izkazala za zelo uspešno.

Ključne besede

zaposlovanje;trg dela;brezposelnost;reforme;Slovenija;Hrvaška;Nemčija;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik: [A. Drašković]
UDK: 331.5
COBISS: 12892444 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1190
Št. prenosov: 286
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Reasons for unemployment and effectiviness of active labour market policy in Slovenia, Croatia and Germany
Sekundarni povzetek: One of the main issues in majority of world economies, is unemployment, which in recent years became very high, especially among young people. Before the global financial crisis, unemployment rate in Slovenia and Croatia was relatively low, but with the ongoing crisis it started to rise. In the diploma project we are focusing on main reasons of the unemployment for selected countries (Slovenia, Croatia and Germany). We have focused on differences in unemployment rates regarding gender, education level and age (concentrating primarily on young people). We have learnt that the unemployment rate in Croatia is a bigger problem than in Slovenia and Germany. The main reason is the lack of effective economic reforms and the labour market policy. Until 2008 the unemployment rate In Slovenia was low. After 2009 it began to rise and it reached it’s highest level in 2013 (in the observed period 2002 – 2015). The same was in Croatia, meanwhile in Germany it declined. The lowest recorded unemployment rate in Germany was in 2015. In the same year it began to decrease in Slovenia and Croatia, but was still higher than before year 2008. The research also entails an analysis of how the active labour market policy effects the rate of unemployment in each of the countries. In 2003, Germany launched a so called Hartz’s reform, which consisted of four steps. The first step was an active policy of increasing the efficiency of the labor market. The following year, it began with the second and the third step that aimed to stimulate the unemployed population and active employment. The fourth step was the reduction of social assistance and unemployment benefits, which began in 2005. Various reforms have been carried out by Slovenia and Croatia since 2007, which aimed to reduce unemployment, but none have accomplished the desired effect. Because of that, the European Commission requested to improve active employment policy measures. In 2012, Slovenia and Croatia presented their new programs to the European Commission. The main topic was mainly to efficiently reactivate the unemployed population in the labour market. The Hartz’s reform has proven to be very effective in Germany, as from 2005 the unemployment rate slowly started to decrease, and the global financial crisis did not have a significant impact on the German economy. Unfortunately, in Slovenia and Croatia, that was not the case. In the empirical part of this work we tried to validate four hypotheses. Hypothesis H1 states that the highest unemployment rate among the observed countries is in Croatia. Based on the examination and analysis of the data received, hypothesis H1 was confirmed. Hypothesis H2 that claims that the most unfavorable ratios in the unemployment rate by gender in the observed time period were recorded in Croatia, was also confirmed. The third hypothesis (H3), claiming that the unemployment after the year 2008 grew the fastest in Slovenia and Croatia, was confirmed based on the comparison of the unemployment rates in the observed countries. We also confirmed the last hypothesis H4, claiming that the Hartz’s reform in Germany was very successful.
Sekundarne ključne besede: unemployment;types of unemployment;active labor market policy;Hartz’s reform.;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Delo diplomskega projekta/projektno delo
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani: 39 str.
ID: 10852896