Varstvo okolja v ustavnih ureditvah

diplomsko delo

Nika Vogrinčič (Avtor), Arne Mavčič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Razlogov, zakaj je varstvo okolja pomembno, je veliko. Ne vpliva le na stanje naše okolice, ampak tudi na zdravje in dobro počutje. Glede na to, da v državi med pravnimi viri najvišje hierarhično mesto zaseda ustava, je prav, da vsebuje vsaj temeljno varstvo okolja in s tem pokaže, da država upošteva in varuje stanje svojega okolja ter s tem vsaj malo omeji samovoljno razpolaganje z njim in prekomerno onesnaževanje. Ravno onesnaževanje in prekomerna raba virov danes v svetu povzročata največ težav. Število prebivalcev narašča, s čimer se povečuje količina odpadkov, življenjski prostor in prostor za odlaganje odpadkov pa se krčita. Prvo ustavno urejanje varstva okolja se je začelo v sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja, ravno v času, ko so se ljudje začeli zavedati pomena okolja in tega, da če zanj ne bodo bolje poskrbeli, v prihodnosti ne bo več primerno za zdravo življenje. Slovenija ima glede varstva okolja precej dolgo tradicijo, danes ga v ustavi ureja 72. člen. Ker je večina držav danes podvržena še nekemu dodatnemu mednarodnemu urejanju, to zagotavlja še dodatno varstvo, najbolj pa je to vidno pri državah članicah Evropske unije. Večina obravnavanih ustav je bila sprejeta v devetdesetih letih, nekatere države imajo varstvo urejeno podrobno in v več členih, nekatere v manj, spet druge ustave okolja sploh ne omenjajo, ker so mnenja, da zakonodaja na tem področju zadostuje. Najpogostejše določbe v ustavah v zvezi z okoljem so odgovornost za skrb, pravica do življenja v zdravem okolju, poudarjanje ravnovesja med okoljem, gospodarstvom in razvojem, prepoved onesnaževanja, povezava med okoljem in zdravjem, pravica do informacij o okolju in dolžnost odprave že povzročene škode. Ugotovila sem, da se ustavne ureditve na tem področju med seboj ne razlikujejo pomembno, res pa je, da se z manjšimi ekološkimi posledicami srečujejo države, ki ureditev vseeno imajo. Prav tako ob primerjavi držav, ki imajo varstvo okolja v ustavah, in tistih, ki jih nimajo, ni opaznih razlik. Prve imajo sicer še neko dodatno jamstvo, toda tudi države, ki okolje urejajo v zakonih, za njimi ne zaostajajo, njihovo okolje ni v nič slabšem stanju. Na koncu pa je dejansko stanje vedno odvisno od države in prebivalcev, saj če ti ne bodo upoštevali napisanih določb, ni pomembno, ali so te vsebovane v ustavi ali v zakonu. Obstajati mora torej prava volja.

Ključne besede

okolje;varstvo okolja;onesnaževanje;primerjalno ustavno pravo;ustave;diplomske naloge;bolonjski program;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2017
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	EVRO-PF - Evropska pravna fakulteta v Novi Gorici
Založnik:	[N. Vogrinčič]
UDK:	502.14:342.4(043.2)
COBISS:	2053165750
Št. ogledov:	2
Št. prenosov:	0
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni povzetek:	There are a lot of reasons why environmental protection is important. It affects not only the state of our environment, but also the health and well-being. And given the fact that the highest hierarchical place in the legal system is occupied by the Constitution, it is appropriate that it contains at least the basic protection of the environment and through this shows, that the state takes into account and protects the state of its environment, thereby at least limiting disposal and excessive pollution. The very pollution and excessive use of resources today cause most of the problems in the world. The number of inhabitants is rising, increasing the amount of waste, and the habitat and waste storage space is shrinking. The first constitutional regulation of environmental protection began in the 1970s, precisely at a time when people began to be aware of the importance of the environment and that if they did not take care of it, it would no longer be appropriate for a healthy life in the future. Slovenia has a long tradition of environmental protection, today it is regulated in the Constitution by Article 72. Since most countries today are subject to some additional international regulation, this provides additional protection, and this is most evident in the Member States of the European Union. Most of the considered Constitutions were adopted in the 1990s, some countries have a detailed order and in several articles, some in less, and in other constitutions environment is not even mentioned at all, because they believe that legislation in this area is sufficient. The most frequent provisions in the constitutions relating to the environment are the responsibility for concern, the right to live in a healthy environment, the emphasis on the balance between the environment and the economy and development, the ban on pollution, the connection between the environment and health, the right to information on the environment state and the obligation to eliminate the damage that already occurred. I have found that the constitutional arrangements in this field do not differ significantly, but it is true that the countries that are regulating the matter are the ones with the lower ecological consequences. Also, when comparing countries that have environmental protection in the constitutions and those that do not have them, there are no noticeable differences. The first ones have some additional guarantee, but also the countries that regulate the environment in the laws do not stay far behind them, their environment is not in any worse condition. In the end, the actual situation is always dependent on the state itself and the population, because if they do not take into account the written provisions, it does not matter whether these are contained in the constitution or in the law. There must therefore be a true will.
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Evropska pravna fak.
Komentar vira:	Dipl. delo 1. stopnje bolonjskega študija; univerzitetni študijski program Pravo I;
Strani:	V, 72 str.
ID:	10951751