diplomsko delo
Tamara Vinter (Avtor), Janja Hojnik (Mentor)

Povzetek

Blago in tehnologija z dvojno rabo je precej dinamično in hitro spreminjajoče področje, ki ga mora Evropska unija (v nadaljevanju EU) z budnim očesom spremljati in ustrezno ter hitro reagirati z njegovo pravno ureditvijo. V današnjem času se področje tehnologije izjemno hitro razvija, kar pogosto pripelje do zamujenega odgovora in ureditve s strani EU oz. njenih držav članic. Dober primer takšne, za zdaj še vedno le delne, ureditve programske tehnologije z dvojno rabo je ničelni dan, ki predstavlja potencialno veliko nevarnost za ljudi in njihovo premoženje, saj je dostopen tako državnim kakor nedržavnim subjektom po celem svetu. EU ureja področje blaga in tehnologije z dvojno rabo v Uredbi Sveta 428/2009 o vzpostavitvi režima Skupnosti za nadzor izvoza, prenosa, posredovanja in tranzita blaga z dvojno rabo. V Prilogi I k Uredbi se nahaja seznam blaga, ki je zajet s posebnim nadzornim sistemom izvoza. Sestavljen je na podlagi dogovora med različnimi nadzornimi sistemi (Avstralska skupina, Režim kontrole raketne tehnologije, Skupina držav dobaviteljic jedrskega blaga, Wassenaarska ureditev), ki letno preverjajo in posodabljajo seznam z namenom, da pravočasno uredijo različne, na novo nastale, tehnologije in blago, ki bi lahko predstavljalo nevarnost za življenje ljudi in splošni mir. Na začetku diplomskega dela predstavljam pojem dvojne rabe in v kakšnih pogledih oz. na kakšen način se lahko razlaga. Sledi pojasnitev, kaj je dvojna raba blaga in tehnologije ter kje se takšno blago oz. tehnologija uporablja. Za tem predstavim različne nadzorne sisteme in njihove glavne funkcije. V nadaljevanju govorim o pravni ureditvi nadzora nad izvozom blaga z dvojno rabo na območju EU v okviru Uredbe 428/2009/ES. Na kratko pojasnim razvoj te uredbe ter njene nadaljnje spremembe. Po tem se osredotočim na izvozna dovoljenja in sankcije v primeru kršitev določb glede izvoza blaga in tehnologije z dvojno rabo. Področje blaga in tehnologije z dvojno rabo je dokaj uspešno in temeljito urejeno s strani EU. Glede na dinamičen razvoj tega področja pa mora tudi zakonodaja EU slediti hitro spreminjajočim pojavom in jih ustrezno urediti.

Ključne besede

blago in tehnologija z dvojno rabo;Evropska unija;Uredba 428/2009/ES;mednarodni nadzorni sistemi;izvozna dovoljenja;orožje množičnega uničenja;sankcije;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik: [T. Vinter]
UDK: 339.565(043.3)
COBISS: 5645099 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 1208
Št. prenosov: 112
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Legal status of dual-use goods
Sekundarni povzetek: Dual-use goods and technologies is rather dynamic and rapidly changing area, which requires from the European Union (EU) to monitor it with its watchful eye and appropriately and quickly react with its legal system. Today, the technology field is developing extremely fast, which often leads to a missed response and regulation by the EU and its Member States. A good example of such, for the time being, still only partially regulated dual-use software technology is 0day, which continues to pose a great danger to people and their property, considering the fact, that it’s still at the hands of both state and non-state entities around the world. The EU regulates the field of dual-use goods and technologies in Regulation 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items. Annex I to the Regulation contains a list of goods, which are covered by export control regimes (Australian Group, Missile technology control regime, Nuclear suppliers group, Wassenaar arrangement), which annually reviews and update the list with a view to manage the regulation of the vast majority of newly emerging technologies and goods, which could pose a threat to the lives of people and to the world peace. At the beginning of my diploma thesis, I presented the concept of dual-use and different ways of its interpretation. The following text is a clarification of what the dual-use goods and technologies are, and where they can be used or applied. Then I explain various control regimes and their main functions. Furthermore, I refer to the regulation of the control over its exports in the EU through the eyes of Regulation 428/2009. I then briefly explain the development of the Regulation and its subsequent amendments. Lastly, I focus on export licenses and sanctions in the case of breach of the provisions on export of dual-use goods and technologies. The EU is quite successful at the regulation of the dual-use goods and technologies. Given the dynamic development of this area, the EU has a lot to do with tracking its rapidly changing phenomena and its proper regulation.
Sekundarne ključne besede: dual-use goods;European Union;Regulation 428/2009;international control export regimes;export licenses;weapons of mass destruction;sanctions.;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani: 39 f.
ID: 10956872