Globalni dogovor o migracijah (težnja po ureditvi migracijske problematike)

magistrsko delo

Nastja Jurišič (Avtor), Matjaž Tratnik (Mentor)

Povzetek

Migracije so eden največjih globalnih izzivov današnjega časa, so naravni fenomen in v našem vse bolj povezanem svetu ena od značilnosti današnjega časa. Dandanes le malo ljudi v industrializiranih državah ali državah v razvoju nima osebnih izkušenj z migracijo in njenimi posledicami - ta splošna izkušnja je postala simbol dobe migracij. Migracije so globalen pojav, zato se je pojavila težnja po globalni ureditvi. Vsaka država ima svojo politiko priseljevanja, svoje načine za spopadanje s težavami, ki ji migracije prinesejo. Po migracijski krizi leta 2015 je večina držav prišla do spoznanja, da se vprašanje urejanja migracij lahko uspešno in učinkovito rešuje le z medsebojnim sodelovanjem. Globalni dogovor o varnih, urejenih in zakonitih migracijah predstavlja pomemben mejnik k težnji po vzpostavitvi enotne migracijske politike med državami na svetu. Globalni dogovor opredeljuje migracije kot ključ za doseganje ciljev trajnostnega razvoja. S simbolno potrditvijo Globalnega dogovora, decembra leta 2018, se je odprlo mnogo vprašanj in polemik, vezanih na 23 ciljev, ki jih dogovor določa. Glavna odprta vprašanja dogovora so ali le-ta vpliva na suverenost držav pristopnic, ali dogovor izenačuje legalne in nelegalne migracije in ali opredeljuje migracijo kot novo človekovo pravico. Skozi analizo ciljev ter ukrepov Globalnega dogovora smo prišli do zaključka, da dogovor ne posega v suverenost držav - tudi če bi kakšna določba omejevala suverenost, prevladuje splošno načelo dogovora, ki mu daje neobvezujočo naravo. Kar pomeni, da se vsaka država odloči ali želi nacionalno politiko spreminjati in dopolnjevati v skladu s tem dogovorom ali ne. Tudi nove pravice do migriranja ta dogovor ne daje. Z opredelitvami le določa kaj in pod kakšnimi pogoji so dovoljenje migracije, s čimer si prizadeva za zakonsko ureditev migracij. Z analizo Strategije Republike Slovenije na področju migracij smo ugotovili, da Vlada Republike Slovenije deluje v smeri izpolnjevanja ukrepov, ki jih določa Globalni dogovor o varnih, zakonitih in urejenih migracijah.

Ključne besede

migracijska politika;mednarodna zaščita;evropski azilni sistem;newyorška deklaracija;globalni dogovor;strategija vlade;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2020
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	N. Jurišič]
UDK:	341:314.15(043.3)
COBISS:	20066563
Št. ogledov:	552
Št. prenosov:	96
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration
Sekundarni povzetek:	Migrations are currently one of the most significant global challenges. They are a natural phenomenon and one of the characteristics of modern time in our increasingly connected world. Nowadays, only a few people in industrialized countries and developing countries do not have personal experience of migration and its effects' this overall experience has become a symbol of the migration era. Migrations are a global occurrence; therefore, aspiration for global regulation has arisen. Every country has its own immigration policy, its ways of dealing with the challenges that come with migrations. Since the migration crisis in 2015, most countries have realized that the question regarding the regulation of migrations can be successfully and efficiently solved only with mutual collaboration. A Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration is an important milestone towards striving for the establishment of a uniform migration policy among the countries in the world. The Global Compact for Migration defines migrations as the key to achieving sustainable development goals. The symbolic approval of the Global Compact for Migration in December 2018 opened many questions and polemics regarding the 23 objectives defined in the agreement. The main open questions of the agreement are whether the agreement affects the sovereignty of accession states; whether the agreement equates legal and illegal migrations; and whether it defines migration as a new human right. With the analysis of goals and measures of the Global Compact for Migration, the conclusion was reached that the agreement does not interfere with the sovereignty of countries - even if a provision limited sovereignty, the general principle of the agreement prevails, which gives it a non-binding nature. Therefore, each country decides whether it wants to change and supplement its national policy according to this agreement or not. This agreement also does not give a new right to migrate. With clear definitions, it only defines what and under what circumstances migrations are allowed and by doing so, it strives for the legal regulation of migrations. It differentiates between legal and illegal migrations. With the analysis of The Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia on Migration, it was established that the Government of the Republic of Slovenia is working towards fulfilling commitments defined by the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	migration policy;international protection;European Asylum System;New York Declaration;Global Compact for Migration;government strategy;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	53 str.
ID:	11416145