Regulacija kriptovalut v EU, pravni okvir in tveganja

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Jan Golmajer (Avtor), David Smolej (Mentor)

Povzetek

Diplomska naloga se osredotoča na pravno regulacijo kriptovalut v Evropski uniji. Kriptovalute predstavljajo magnet za najrazličnejše skupine ljudi, ki delujejo na tehnoloških, finančnih, raziskovalnih in drugih področjih, ter ljudi, ki preprosto želijo na hitro obogateti. V osnovi so kriptovalute sredstvo za izmenjavo in prenos vrednosti, vendar pa, kot klasične denarne valute, niso imune na zlorabo oz. uporabo v kriminalne namene. Skozi leta je popularnost kriptovalut naraščala, popularnost pa je bila pogojena z rastjo cene enega Bitcoina, ki je v letu 2017 dosegla preko 20.000 ameriških dolarjev (USD), nedavno, v začetku leta 2021, pa celo preko 60.000 USD. Ker količina denarja, ki se na letni ravni pretoči v kriptovalute, ni zanemarljiva, številne državne inštitucije vlagajo posebne napore v poskuse regulacije, ki je vse prej kot enostavna. V diplomski nalogi je bil opravljen pregled dosedanjih ukrepov in pravnih aktov, ki so bili sprejeti v Evropski uniji, z namenom regulacije trga kriptovalut. Cilj diplomske naloge je bil ugotoviti, ali je bila Evropska unija z dosedanjimi ukrepi uspešna pri reguliranju trga kriptovalut in kakšne smernice zasleduje za prihodnost. Zaradi lažjega razumevanje preučevane materije so v začetku diplomskega dela predstavljene osnove tehnologije veriženja podatkovnih blokov in osnovni subjekti, ki nastopajo v svetu kriptovalut. V nadaljevanju je bil opravljen statističen pregled gibanja števila kaznivih dejanj povezanih s kriptovalutami skozi leta. Na podlagi pregleda statističnih podatkov je bilo ugotovljeno, da so prevare s kriptovalutami najbolj pogosta in dobičkonosna kazniva dejanja s kriptovalutami. Z diplomskim delom je bilo ugotovljeno, da bi predvsem s sistemsko regulacijo, usklajeno z drugimi državami izven EU, enotnimi definicijami kriptovalut in povezanih subjektov, ter večjo informiranostjo uporabnikov lahko dodatno prispevali k bistvenemu izboljšanju stanja oz. regulacije trgov kriptovalut.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;kriptovalute;Bitcoin;regulacija;pravni okvir;AML;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2021
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[J. Golmajer]
UDK:	343.72:342(043.2)
COBISS:	67396867
Št. ogledov:	528
Št. prenosov:	137
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Cryptocurrency regulation in the EU, legal framework and risks
Sekundarni povzetek:	The diploma thesis focuses on the regulation of cryptocurrencies in the European Union. Cryptocurrencies are a magnet for wide variety of people working in technology, finance, research etc. The main objection of these people is simple, to get quickly rich. Basically, cryptocurrencies are a mean of exchanging and transferring value, but like classic monetary currencies, they aren't immune to abuse or use for criminal purposes. Over the years, the popularity of cryptocurrencies has grown, and it has been driven by the rise in the price of one Bitcoin, which reached value of over 20,000 $ in 2017, and recently, in early 2021, even over 60,000 $. The amount of money flowed into cryptocurrencies on an annual basis isn't negligible. Therefore, many government institutions are making special efforts trying to regulate cryptocurrencies. The thesis reviewed the current measures and legal acts adopted so far in the European Union, with the aim of regulating the cryptocurrency market. The goal of this thesis was to determine whether the European Union has been so far successful in regulating the cryptocurrency market and what guidelines it's pursuing for the future. In order to facilitate the understanding of the studied material, the first part of the diploma work, begins with basics of block chain technology and basic subjects that appear in the world of cryptocurrencies. Subsequently is followed by a statistical review of movement of the number of criminal acts related to cryptocurrencies over the years. Based on a review of statistics, cryptocurrency fraud was found to be the most common and profitable crime connected to cryptocurrencies. The diploma thesis established that systemic regulation, harmonized with other countries outside EU, uniform definitions of cryptocurrencies and related entities, also greater information of users, could contribute to a significant improvement in the situation regarding regulation of cryptocurrency markets.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	cryptocurrencies;Bitcoin;regulation;legal framework;AML;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VII, 36 str.
ID:	13036494