diplomsko delo
Andraž Krivec (Avtor), Miloš Pantoš (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomskem delu raziskujemo sprejemljivost različnih tehnologij za proizvodnjo električne energije. Tehnologije so bile definirane na podlagi osmih vrst elektrarn. Izbrane so bile naslednje: termoelektrarna na premog, termoelektrarna na zemeljski plin, jedrska elektrarna, hidroelektrarna, sončna elektrarna, vetrna elektrarna, elektrarna na biomaso in geotermalna elektrarna. Pri ugotavljanju sprejemljivosti tehnologij smo bili pozorni na tri pojme: okolje, družba in elektroenergetski sistem (EES). Da bi ovrednotili okoljsko sprejemljivost proizvodnje električne energije (PEE), smo morali izpostaviti vplive, ki jih ima PEE na okolje. Prevladovali so negativni vplivi, od dobro poznanega onesnaževanja zraka termoelektrarn na premog in radioaktivnega onesnaževanja jedrskih elektrarn, do malo manj znanih negativnih posledic pridobivanja zemeljskega plina in okoljskih problematik proizvodnje akumulatorjev. Pri družbeni sprejemljivosti je največ pozornosti pritegnil odnos, ki se je ustvaril med človekom in jedrskimi elektrarnami. Naravo odnosa so v veliki meri oblikovale jedrske nesreče v Černobilu, Fukušimi in drugje. V nadaljevanju pišemo tudi o obnovljivih virih električne energije in kako so bili ti zmožni pritegniti pozornost družbe. Cilj petega poglavja je bil podati elektrotehnično ozadje, katerega ne smemo spregledati ob raziskovanju najbolj primerne okoljske in družbene tehnologije za PEE. Preko razumevanja, kakšno vlogo imajo različne elektrarne v EES, smo lahko izpostavili, da okoljsko in družbene sprejemljive tehnologije (z zelo malo negativnimi vplivi na okolje in družbo), kot so vetrne in sončne elektrarne, niso vedno tudi tehnično sprejemljive. Nerazpoložljivost in nepredvidljivost PEE s strani teh tehnologij je le ena izmed težav. Poleg vloge tehnologij v EES, smo pisali tudi o stroških in sistemskih storitvah elektrarn ter o sami kvaliteti PEE, ki se izraža v razpoložljivosti in predvidljivosti. V praktičnem delu diplomske naloge je bil ustvarjen spletni vprašalnik. Namen tega je bil razširiti tematiko družbene sprejemljivosti PEE s konkretnimi podatki. Vprašalnik je bil zasnovan v obliki testa, v katerem smo preverjali poznavanje tehnologij za PEE. Vprašanja so zadevala tematike onesnaževanja, porabe premoga, varnosti jedrskih elektrarn, radioaktivnega sevanja ter obnovljivih virov električne energije. Drugi del ankete, je bil namenjen zbiranju osebnih mnenj anketirancev glede tehnologij PEE. Anketiranci so se morali opredeliti glede podpore za gradnjo jedrskih elektrarn ter vetrnih in sončnih elektrarn. Izprašani so bili tudi glede varnosti jedrskih elektrarn, problematičnosti vetrnih elektrarn ter umestitve elektrarn v prostor. Iz rezultatov vprašalnika smo potrdili začetne predpostavke ankete. Ljudje si težko predstavljajo, koliko premoga porabi ena termoelektrarna na premog. Jedrske nesreče so zelo močno vplivale na to, kaj si anketiranci oziroma družba misli o jedrskih elektrarnah. Zelena podoba vetrnih in sončnih elektrarn je veliko anketirancev prepričala, da bi idealna proizvodnja EE vsebovala samo ti dve vrsti elektrarn. Ugotovimo, da so tehnologije PEE veliko več kot samo fizikalen sistem, temveč živijo soodvisno z okoljem, človekom in elektroenergetskim sistemom.

Ključne besede

proizvodnja električne energije;sprejemljivost;družbena sprejemljivost;vplivi na okolje;elektroenergetski sistemi;spletni vprašalniki;visokošolski strokovni študij;Aplikativna elektrotehnika;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL FE - Fakulteta za elektrotehniko
Založnik: [A. Krivec]
UDK: 621.311(043.2)
COBISS: 93135107 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 292
Št. prenosov: 78
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Technical, environmental and social acceptability of electricity production
Sekundarni povzetek: In my final thesis we research acceptability of different technologies for electricity production. These technologies have been defined on the foundation of eight types of power plants. The next were chosen: coal-fired power plant, gas-fired power plant, nuclear power plant, hydroelectric power plant, solar power plant, wind power plant, biomass power plant and geothermal power plant. When determining the acceptability of these technologies, we were attentive on these three concepts: environment, society and the power system. To evaluate environment’s acceptability of electricity production, we needed to expose the effect that electricity production has on the environment. Bad effects have prevailed, from well known air pollution of coal-fired power plants and radioactive pollution of nuclear power plants, to less known negative effects of natural gas extraction and environmental issues of battery production. In terms of social acceptability the most interesting was the relationship that formed between man and nuclear power plants. The nature of these relationship was mostly dictated by nuclear disasters that happened in Chernobyl, Fukushima and elsewhere. We also write about renewable electricity generation and how it was able to attract societies’ attention. The goal of the fifth chapter was to give an electrotechnical background, which we cannot overlook while researching the most appropriate technology for electricity production. Through understanding, what kind of role do different kinds of power plants have in the power system, we could expose that societally and environmentally acceptable technologies (with little negative effects on environment and society), such as wind and solar power plants, are not always also technically acceptable. Unavailableness and unpredictability of electricity production from these technologies is just one of these problems. In addition to the roles technologies have in the power system, we had written about the costs and systemic services of power plants and also about the quality of electricity production, which expresses itself in the availability and predictability. The practical part of the final thesis consists of an online survey. The point of it was to extend the theme of social acceptance of electricity production with concrete data. The survey was developed in a form of a test, in which we tested acquired knowledge on electricity production technologies. The questions encompassed themes of pollution, coal consumption, security of nuclear power plants, radioactive radiation and renewable energy sources. The second part of the survey was designed to gather personal opinions of interviewees about electricity production technologies. The interviewees needed to take a side about supporting nuclear, solar and wind power plant construction. They were also asked about the safety of nuclear power plant, the issues of wind power plants and positioning power plants into the environment. From the results of the survey we confirmed the initial hypothesis we had. People find it hard to imagine, how much coal does one coal-fired power plant use. Nuclear disasters had a strong effect on what the interviewees or in fact the whole society thinks of nuclear power plants. The green appearance of wind and solar power plants convinced a lot of the interviewees, that the ideal electricity production would consist only of these two types of power plants. We find out, that technologies of electricity production are much more than just a physical system, rather they live in symbiosis with the environment, society and the power system.
Sekundarne ključne besede: acceptability;electricity production;effect on the environment;social acceptance;power system;online survey;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 1000315
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za elektrotehniko
Strani: XI, 76 str.
ID: 14249382