Učinkovitost uporabe RODAC ploščic za ugotavljanje kontaminacije bolnišničnih tekstilij z MRSA

(diplomsko delo)

Jasmina Mehinović (Avtor), Sonja Šostar-Turk (Mentor), Božena Kotnik-Kevorkijan (Komentor), Dušan Novak (Komentor)

Povzetek

Bolnišnične okužbe predstavljajo velik problem v bolnišničnem okolju, nastanejo med bivanjem v bolnišnici in se prenašajo preko stika, zraka in z izločki. Povzročajo jih virusi, bakterije, glivice, itd. Eden izmed nevarnejših povzročiteljev je bakterija proti meticilinu odporni Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus naseljuje kožo in sluznice in je bil pred odkritjem antibiotikov vzrok za veliko okužb pooperativnih ran in poškodb. Zaradi neprimerne in pretirane uporabe antibiotikov je kmalu postal odporen na večino razpoložljivih antibiotikov. Danes predstavlja velik problem za zdravstvene ustanove. Od leta 1999 v Evropi ustanovljena mednarodna mreža nacionalnih sistemov (EARSS–EARS–net) sledi bakterijam, ki so odporne proti antibiotikom. Njen namen je zbiranje zanesljivih in primerljivih podatkov o prevalenci in širjenju večkratno odpornih glavnih invazivnih bakterij s klinično in epidemiološko pomembnostjo. MRSA spada med te bakterije. Trenutno so okužbe z MRSA v Sloveniji v upadu. MRSA se prenaša s stikom, kar pomeni, da je bolnikova okolica kontaminirana. Bakterije prehajajo tudi v tekstilije, ki so tridimenzionalne strukture. Največkrat se kontaminacija tekstilij dokazuje z jemanjem odtisov z RODAC ploščicami, vendar z njimi odvzamemo vzorec le s površine tkanine. Dokazovanje kontaminacije tekstilij lahko dokažemo tudi s stresalno metodo, pri kateri se bakterije iz tekstilije izločijo v tekočino. V diplomski nalogi smo primerjali ti dve metodi vzorčenja tekstilij, kontaminiranih z bakterijami. Primerjavo smo najprej izvedli v laboratoriju nato pa še v bolnišničnem okolju. V raziskavo sta bila vključena dva pacienta, ki sta imela bris za MRSA pozitiven. Za izvedbo raziskave smo dobili soglasje ustanov. Namen naše raziskave je bil, da ugotovimo katera od dveh omenjenih metod je bolj natančna. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je stresalna metoda natančnejša od metode jemanja odtisov z RODAC ploščicami. Raziskava je tudi pokazala, da je metoda jemanja odtisov z RODAC ploščicami dovolj zanesljiva za dokazovanje kontaminacije tekstilij.

Ključne besede

bolnišnične okužbe;MRS;tekstilije;RODAC;stresalna metoda;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2012
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FZV - Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede
Založnik:	[J. Mehinović]
UDK:	616.9
COBISS:	1832100
Št. ogledov:	2088
Št. prenosov:	247
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Efficiency of using RODAC plates for the determination of contamination of hospital textiles with MRSA
Sekundarni povzetek:	Nosocomial infections represent a big problem in hospital environment, they spread by contact, air and wet secretion. They are caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi… One of the most dangerous microorganizms that represents hospital infections is the bacteria meticilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphlococcus aureus which can be usually be found on skin and mucous was before the invention of antibiotics cause for most of surgery wound infections. Due to overuse of antibiotics it has become resistant to most available antibiotics becouse of overuse. Today it represents a serious problem for most of healthcare units. In 1999 was established in Europe international antimicrobial resistance surveillance network (EEARS-EARS-net) to follow bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Their purpose is collecting reliable and comparable data on the prevalence and spread of main multiple resistant invasive bacteria with clinical and epidemiological importance against antibiotics. MRSA belongs to this group. Currently nosocomial infections in Slovenia are decreasing. MRSA is spread by contact this means that whole patient surrounding is contaminated. Bacteria are spread also into textiles, which have three-dimensional structure. Usually contamination of textiles is detected with RODAC plates, but this means the sample is only taken from the textile surface. Contamination can be also proven with the shaking method, with which bacteria from textiles are washed into liquid. In this diploma work we will compare two methods for sampling textiles inoculated with bacteria, named: RODAC plates samplings and the shaking method and we will present differences between both methods. Research was first made in laboratory and then in hospital enviroment. We included two patients in our research wich were positive for MRSA. The research was carried out with the agreement of the institutions. The intention of comparison was to find out wich of both methods is more accurate. Results of a research have shown that shaking method is more accurate than method with RODAC plates sampling. Research has shown that method with RODAC plates sampling is accurate enough to prove contamination of textiles.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	hospital infections;MRSA;textiles;RODAC;shaking method;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Strani:	58 f., 5 f. pril.
Ključne besede (UDK):	applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;medical sciences;medicina;pathology;clinical medicine;patologija;klinična medicina;communicable diseases;infectious and contagious diseases;fevers;infekcijske bolezni;aids;venerologija;
ID:	15761