Biogoriva

diplomsko delo

Povzetek

Predstavljamo diplomsko delo, ki govori o prihodnosti energentov za splošno uporabo. Odvisnost človeštva od fosilnih goriv se mora sčasoma končati. Predstavila bom trenutno alternativo tem gorivom, njihovo pridelavo in uporabo ter argumentirala njihov vpliv na okolje. Kot temeljna goriva se uporabljajo fosilna goriva, vendar je težava v tem, da se ne obnavljajo tako hitro, kot jih porabljamo. Zaloge le-teh so omejene, po nekaterih predvidevanjih na 30 do 50 let. Pridelava fosilnih goriv zelo vpliva na okolje, saj povzročajo onesnaževanje okolja, globalno segrevanje in povečevanje ozonske luknje. Zaradi tega iščemo alternativna goriva, predvsem obnovljive energente, kamor sodijo tudi biogoriva, ki pa imajo tako prednosti kot tudi slabosti. Krivimo jih za pomanjkanje in zviševanja cen hrane, po drugi strani nismo enotnega mnenja o emisijah toplogrednih plinov in tudi ne, ali so boljša od fosilnih goriv ali ne. Države Evropske unije so sprejele direktive o vsebnosti biogoriv kot pogonskih goriv v določenih odstotkih po posameznih obdobjih med leti 2005 in 2020. A države, med njimi tudi Slovenija, še niso naredile bistvenih premikov. Da bi lahko točili biogoriva, bi morali na večjih površinah vzgajati temu primerno kulturo. Pri nas je najbolj razširjena surovina za proizvodnjo olja oljna ogrščica, ki je v primerjavi s sončnico in sojo tudi količinsko najizdatnejša. Pri tem se postavlja vprašanje monokultur in zmanjševanja površin za pridobivanje hrane. Biogoriva delimo na tekoča (biodizel, rastlinsko olje), plinasta (bioplin, bioetanol) in trda (lesna biomasa). Poznamo tudi druge vrste biogoriv, vendar niso toliko razvita in jih zaradi tega v diplomskem delu nismo podrobneje predstavili. V sklopu diplomskega dela je nakazano, kje v učnih načrtih tehnike in tehnologije v osnovni šoli bi lahko vnesli biogoriva, narejena je PPT predstavitev in delovni list.

Ključne besede

tehnika;biogoriva;biodizel;bioplin;bioetanol;lesna biomasa;rastlinsko olje;vpliv;okolje;ljudje;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2011
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FNM - Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko
Založnik:	[T. Trs]
UDK:	62(043.2)
COBISS:	18198280
Št. ogledov:	6287
Št. prenosov:	942
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	BIOFUELS
Sekundarni povzetek:	This diploma thesis is about the future of fuels for common use. Humankind's dependency on fossil fuels must come to an end soon. This paper presents the current alternative to fossil fuels, their production and use, and explores their impact on the environment. Fossil fuels are used as main fuels; however, the problem is that they cannot be renewed as quickly as they are used up. Supplies are limited and, according to some estimations, will only suffice for the next 30 to 50 years. Fossil fuels can also have a large impact on the environment because they cause pollution, global warming and the increasing ozone hole. As a result, alternative fuels are being sourced, mostly from renewable energy sources, such as biofuels, which have both advantages and disadvantages. While they are blamed for shortages and increasing prices of food, opinions on greenhouse emissions are just as diverse as the opinions on whether biofuels are better than fossil fuels or not. The countries of the European Union adopted directives on the level of biofuels used as motor fuels in certain percentages for individual periods of time between 2005 and 2020. However, some countries, among them Slovenia, have not made any significant changes yet. In order to be able to tank biofuels, suitable cultures would have to be grown on larger areas. The most common raw product for making oil is rapeseed, which, compared to sunflower and soy, is also the most yielding. Biofuels can be liquids (biodiesel, vegetable oil), gases (biogas, bioethanol) or solids (wood biomass). There are also other types of biofuels which are not as developed and have not been included in this thesis in more detail. The present thesis also deals with how to include biofuels in teaching plans for technics and technology in primary schools, a PPT presentation and a worksheet have been compiled.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Biofuels;biodiesel;biogas;bioethanol;wood biomass;vegetable oil;influence of biofuels on people and environment.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za tehniko
Strani:	101 f.
Ključne besede (UDK):	applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;engineering;technology in general;inženirstvo;tehnologija na splošno;
ID:	19111