magistrsko delo
Gaja Ujhazi (Avtor), Irena Hočevar-Boltežar (Mentor), Damjana Kogovšek (Komentor)

Povzetek

Glasovna motnja ali t. i. disfonija se nanaša na kakršno koli težavo z glasom oz. neugodno spremembo v glasu. Nastane lahko zaradi strukturne okvare (takrat govorimo o strukturni disfoniji) ali zaradi napačne in/ali prekomerne rabe na videz funkcionalno ter anatomsko zdravega vokalnega aparata (v tem primeru gre za malregulacijsko disfonijo). Potrebno se je zavedati, da na glas od rojstva do starosti vpliva več različnih dejavnikov, ki lahko povzročijo nastanek glasovne motnje. Izpostavljeni smo jim predvsem v obdobju otroštva, ko se grlo še razvija in raste ter je posledično občutljivejše. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšna je pojavnost glasovnih motenj pri otrocih v Sloveniji v starosti od 6 do 9 let ter preučiti dejavnike tveganja za pojav tovrstnih motenj pri slovenskih otrocih v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju osnovne šole, torej od 1. do 3. razreda. Na vzorcu 63 otrok, starih od 6 do 9 let, smo s kvantitativnim raziskovalnim pristopom ugotavljali razlike med tistimi otroki z disfonijo in tistimi brez. S perceptivno oceno glasu smo otroke razdelili na tiste z glasovno motnjo in tiste brez nje v času izvajanja raziskave. S pomočjo dveh krajših vprašalnikov za starše glede glasovnih navad in zdravstvenih težav njihovega otroka ter z rezultati logopedskega pregleda otrok in aerodinamičnih meritev glasov smo raziskovali, kakšne so značilnosti otroških glasov ter kateri dejavniki v največji meri predstavljajo tveganje za nastanek disfonij v omenjenem starostnem obdobju. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so glasovne motnje pri otrocih, starih od 6 do 9 let, precej pogoste, saj smo ugotovili določene težave z glasom pri skoraj polovici otrok iz celotnega vzorca. Rezultati so pokazali, da so glasovne motnje pogostejše pri mlajših otrocih, ni pa bilo statistično pomembnih razlik glede na spol. Ugotovitve kažejo, da se mnenje staršev o kvaliteti otrokovega glasu razlikuje od kvalitete njegovega glasu glede na oceno strokovnjaka (foniatra). Starši so namreč glede na njihovo subjektivno oceno v vprašalniku navedli, da noben otrok nima glasovne motnje, medtem ko je perceptivna ocena strokovnjaka razkrila glasovno motnjo pri 31 od 63 otrok. Znotraj empiričnega dela smo preučevali veliko število dejavnikov tveganja za nastanek disfonij, a se na koncu noben izmed njih ni izkazal za statistično značilnega. Ugotovljeno je bilo še, da je več kot 20 % otrok z glasovnimi motnjami že bilo obravnavanih pri otorinolaringologu, ne pa tudi pri logopedu. Aerodinamične meritve glasovnih vzorcev otrok so pokazale, da je maksimalni fonacijski čas samoglasnika /a/ pri posameznikih z glasovnimi motnjami krajši kot pri tistih brez glasovne motnje, pri razmerju med dolžino fonacije zvenečega in nezvenečega soglasnika pa ni bilo dokazanih statistično pomembnih razlik. Rezultati te študije lahko pomembno prispevajo k ozaveščanju javnosti o potrebi po zgodnjem prepoznavanju disfonij, ki žal še vedno pogosto ostajajo neopažene – predvsem s strani staršev. To pa morebiti pripomore k pravočasni napotitvi otrok k ustreznemu strokovnjaku in posledično k odpravljanju glasovnih motenj v otroškem obdobju, kar je bistveno v procesu rehabilitacije in poveča možnosti otroka pri odločanju za bodoči poklic.

Ključne besede

disfonija;dejavniki tveganja;vprašalnik;perceptivna ocena glasu;aerodinamične meritve;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik: [G. Ujhazi]
UDK: 616.89-008.434(043.2)
COBISS: 239630595 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 163
Št. prenosov: 37
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Risk factors for voice disorders in children aged 6 to 9 years
Sekundarni povzetek: A voice disorder or dysphonia refers to a problem with the voice or an unpleasant change in the voice. It can be caused by a structural defect (in this case structural dysphonia) or by the misuse and/or overuse of an apparently functionally and anatomically healthy vocal apparatus (in this case malregulatory dysphonia). It is important to know that from birth to old age, the voice is influenced by a number of different factors that can lead to the development of a voice disorder. We are particularly exposed to them during childhood, when the larynx is still developing and growing and is therefore more sensitive. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of voice disorders in children in Slovenia aged 6 to 9 years and to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of voice disorders in Slovenian children in the first educational period of elementary school, i.e. from grade 1 to grade 3. A quantitative research approach was used to identify differences between children with and without dysphonia in a sample of 63 children aged 6 to 9 years. Based on the perceptive assessment of voice, we divided the children into those with and those without a voice disorder at the time of the study. Two short questionnaires for parents about their child's vocal habits and health problems, as well as the results of a speech therapist examination and aerodynamic measurements of the child's voice, were used to investigate what are the characteristics of children's voices, and which factors were most likely to contribute to the risk of dysphonia in this age group. Voice disorders were found to be quite common in children aged 6 to 9 years, with almost half of the total sample having voice problems. The results showed that voice disorders were more common in younger children, but there were no statistically significant differences by gender. The results show that parents' perception of the quality of their child's voice differs from the quality of their child's voice as assessed by a specialist (phoniatrist). In fact, the parents stated in the questionnaire that, according to their subjective assessment, no child had a voice disorder, while the perceptual assessment by a specialist revealed a voice disorder in 31 out of 63 children. A large number of risk factors for dysphonia were examined in the empirical work, but in the end none of them proved to be statistically significant. It was also found that more than 20% of children with voice disorders had already been examined by an ENT specialist but not by a speech and language therapist. Aerodynamic measurements of children's vocal patterns showed that the maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/ was shorter in those with voice disorders than in those without voice disorders, and no statistically significant differences were found in the ratio of phonation length of voiced to unvoiced consonants. The results of this study can make an important contribution to raising public awareness of the need for early detection of dysphonia, which unfortunately still often goes unnoticed – especially by parents. This in turn can help to refer children to an appropriate specialist in a timely manner and consequently correct childhood voice disorders, which is crucial for the rehabilitation process and increases the child's chances of a professional future.
Sekundarne ključne besede: dysphonia;risk factors;questionnaire;perceptual voice assessment;aerodynamic measurements;Glasovne motnje;Otroci;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Logopedija in surdopedagogika
Strani: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 75 str. str.))
ID: 26586592