Izrabljeni akumulatorji in ekologija

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varstvoslovje

Rok Kočevar (Avtor), Igor Zupančič (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomski nalogi sem predstavil baterije in akumulatorje ( v nadaljevanju BA ), njihov vpliv na okolje in človeka, načine odstranjevanja posledic nepravilno odstranjenih baterij in akumulatorjev, njihovo uporabo v transportu, zakonodajo na področju izrabljenih akumulatorjev ter ekološko kriminaliteto. Da sem lahko v celoti ugotovil problematiko izrabljenih baterijskih akumulatorjev sem najprej ugotavljal katera faza v proizvodnji BA oz. uporabi le-teh ima največji vpliv na okolje ter kakšen je vpliv izbrane metode odstranitve. Ugotovil sem, da ima največji vpliv na okolje prav način odstranitve izrabljenih akumulatorjev. Ker v primeru nepravilne odstranitve izrabljenih akumulatorjev pride do uhajanja težkih kovin v okolje, sem tu ugotavljal kakšen vpliv bo to imelo na okolje ter na zdravje človeka, ki je sam neločljiv del narave. Ugotovil sem, da so težke kovine iz BA zelo slabo mobilne v zemlji ter, da se največja količina le-teh zadrži v podzemnih delih rastlin, kar otežuje prenos v človeka. Za odstranitev težkih kovin iz okolja je razvitih mnogo metod, v diplomski nalogi pa sem predstavil okolju prijazni fitoremediacijo in mikoremediacijo. Veliko pozornosti sem namenil vozilom na električni pogon, saj predstavljajo najverjetnejšo alternativo uporabi vozilom, ki jih poganjajo fosilna goriva. Ker vozila na električni pogon za svoje delovanje potrebujejo zelo velike BA sem skušal ugotoviti kakšen bo njihov vpliv na okolje. Ugotovil sem, da imajo ta vozila v primerjavi z vozili na notranje izgorevanje, manjši vpliv na okolje in človeka, kar še posebno velja za mesta kjer živi večina človeštva. Kljub temu, da je zakonodaja na področju izrabljenih akumulatorjev šele nedavno dobila pravno podlago, se v praksi izvajajo sheme zbiranja izrabljenih BA že mnogo dlje, kar kaže ne samo na ekološko osveščenost ljudi ampak tudi na dobičkonosnost reciklaže. Glavna problema v Sloveniji sta tako kot vedno nezainteresiranost države ter premajhen trg. Zakonodaja narekuje zbiranje, reciklažo ali odstranitev izrabljenih BA. Zaradi premajhne angažiranosti države pa nastanejo ugodni pogoji za nastanek in razvoj ekološke kriminalitete. Na združenja le-te pa se v želji po večjih dobičkih obrnejo legalno ustanovljena podjetja, ki zaradi odsotnosti reciklažnih obratov ter zelo drage odstranitve izrabljenih BA, plačajo kriminalnim združbam za njihov odvzem, prevoz in odstranitev.

Ključne besede

baterije;akumulatorji;nevarne snovi;odpadki;ravnanje z odpadki;recikliranje;varstvo okolja;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2013
Izvor:	[Ljubljana
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	R. Kočevar]
UDK:	502/504(043.2)
COBISS:	2603498
Št. ogledov:	1193
Št. prenosov:	233
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni povzetek:	In my diploma i presented batteries and accumulators ( from here on BA ), their influence on the environment and human health, remediation methods of improper disposal, their use in transport, legislation and finally ecological criminology. To fully determine the scale of used BA isues, i first had to find out which phase in the production or use of BA has the greatest effect on the environment. It was conclusive that the method by which the BA are disposed has the highest effect on the enviroment. In the case if the batteries are not disposed properly they represent a threat to the environment and consequently to human health. I found out that heavy metals from the BA have a poor migration ability and that because most metals that get absorbed by plants remain in the roots it is unlikely they will get in the human food chain. There are many methods by which heavy metals can be removed from contaminated ground, in my diploma i presented the environmently friendly phytoremediation and mycoremediation. A lot of attention was directed towards electric vehicles because they represent the most likely candidate that will replace internal combustion engine driven vehicles. Since electric vehicles require fairly large BA for their operation i tried to determine what effect will they have on the environment. The result showed clear advantages of electric vehicles vs. the internal combustion engine vehicles, which shows especialy true in cities where the majority of the human population resides, under the condition that the BA are recycled. Even though that the legal basis for the collection of used BA has only recently came into effect, the actual collection was taking place a lot longer than that, this shows not only the environmental consciousness of people but also the profitability of such actions. There are two main problems in Slovenia in this field, the first is a lack of interest of the goverment, the second is that the market is too small. Legislation dictates collection, recycling and disposal of used BA. Because of the lack of goverment interest in this matter, the conditions for the birth and development of ecological criminology appeared. Legaly founded companies, in their hunger for profit, seek out criminal enterprises and pay them to dispose a toxic waste such as used BA, mostly because there is no recycling facility or the price of legal disposal is much higher than the illegal way.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	76 str.
Ključne besede (UDK):	mathematics;natural sciences;naravoslovne vede;matematika;the environment and its protection;varstvo okolja;environmental science;conservation of natural resources;threats to the environment and protection against them;ekologija;varstvo naravnih virov;ogrožanje okolja in njegovo varstvo;
ID:	80727