Ideja za poučevanje smučanja v temeljni gibalni fazi

diplomsko delo

Martina Hrženjak (Avtor), Jera Gregorc (Mentor)

Povzetek

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili različne vrste iger, ki jih vzgojitelji lahko uporabijo za poučevanje smučanja v temeljni gibalni fazi. Zaradi specifičnega razvoja otrok nekateri avtorji spodbujajo razvoj novih iger, in sicer tako, da bi te igre načrtovali kot metodo poučevanja. Metoda poučevanja pomeni način vodenja pedagoškega procesa. V športni fazi govorimo o metodah demonstracije, razlage, pojasnjevanja ipd., saj učeči že razume tako sebe in svoje funkcioniranje kot tudi vsebino, ki jo učitelj predstavi. V predšolskem obdobju pa je večina otrok v t. i. temeljni gibalni fazi, za katero je značilno, da otrok pri najosnovnejših oblikah gibanja šele spoznava svoje telo in prek funkcioniranja pridobiva prve gibalne izkušnje, ki se zaradi integracije vseh dejavnikov razvoja (kognitivnega, socialnega, psihološkega, telesnega in gibalnega) tudi celostno povežejo v nove informacije. Za poučevanje v predšolskem obdobju je torej smiselno, da spremenimo način poučevanja in s tem tudi vzgojiteljevo vlogo. Vzgojitelj mora strokovno načrtovati proces učenja, vendar za izpeljavo procesa uporabiti drugačne metode dela. V tem diplomskem delu bomo predstavili, kakšne so te metode dela in kako jih lahko učinkovito uporabimo za poučevanje smučanja. Z uporabo teh metod lahko vzgojitelji vplivajo na tisto, kar ocenjujejo, da otroci potrebujejo. Učni proces pa v otrocih poteka spontano. Tak način poučevanja zahteva od vzgojitelja drugačen pristop tako pri načrtovanju kot tudi pri izvajanju dejavnosti. Ostale oblike strokovnega načrtovanja so podobne klasičnemu načinu poučevanja, in sicer gre za to, da sta na začetku potrebna temeljita analiza obstoječega znanja (poznavanje in prepoznavanje otrokovega razvoja), procesno-razvojno načrtovanje učnega procesa, sledita nekoliko drugačno planiranje in izvajanje, nato pa ustrezna analiza in evalvacija dela ter ustvarjanje novih, inovativnih pristopov za izboljšanje učenja. Prek diplomske naloge bomo pokazali, da je problem metode igre večrazsežen. Mnogo vzgojiteljev jo zamenjuje za druge vrste iger, še posebej za prosto igro. Metoda igre zahteva izjemno dobro poznavanje trenutnega stanja razvoja otrok in želenega razvoja, zahteva sistematično nadgrajevanje na vseh področjih hkrati in z ustreznim problemom, ki ga otroci sami rešujejo, dopustiti otrokom lastne rešitve, ob tem pa prevzeti pravo vlogo za ustrezen in pravočasen vpliv na intenzivnost, pogostost, vrsto in vsebino dejavnosti glede na želene procesno-razvojno postavljene cilje. Učenje vsake nove gibalne aktivnosti naj v otroku, ki je v temeljni gibalni fazi, poteka spontano, v pedagogu pa načrtno. Zato mora vzgojitelj pri pripravi takega načina poučevanja temeljiti na poznavanju problematike in na vseh posebnostih razvoja predšolskih otrok, kamor v prvi vrsti sodita poznavanje zakonitosti njihovega biološkega, psihološkega in sociološkega razvoja, ustrezno pedagoško in metodično zanje. Pri vsem pa mora upoštevati količinske, metodične, vsebinske in organizacijske dejavnike poučevanja gibalnih aktivnosti, ki mu omogočajo, da organizira varen, prijeten in učinkovit pedagoški proces ter pripelje vadečega do želenega procesno-razvojnega cilja. V diplomskem delu teoretično preučujemo različne igre in med rezultati predstavljamo merila za razločevanje med metodo igre, didaktično gibalno igro in elementarno igro ter analiziramo izbrane igre za poučevanje smučanja, ki naj bi jih vzgojitelji uporabljali za razumevanje iger in kot pomoč pri izbiri.

Ključne besede

smučanje;celostni razvoj;igra;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2015
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[M. Hrženjak]
UDK:	373.2.016:796.92(043.2)
COBISS:	10545993
Št. ogledov:	873
Št. prenosov:	127
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The idea of teaching skiing in the fundamental movement phase
Sekundarni povzetek:	The thesis presents different types of games that kindergarten teachers can use to teach skiing in the fundamental movement phase. Due to the specific development of children, some authors encourage the development of new games in such a way that the games are planned as a teaching method. A teaching method is a method of managing the teaching process. In sports stage we talk about the method of demonstration, explanation, clarification, etc., for the learners already understand themselves and the way they function, as well as the contents that the teacher presents. In the preschool period, the majority of children is in the so-called fundamental movement phase, in which the children are in the most basic forms of movement, just getting to know their bodies. Through the action they are gaining first movement experience, which, as a result of the integration of all the factors of development (cognitive, social, psychological, physical and motor), connect as a whole into new information. To teach in the preschool period it is therefore sensible to change the way of teaching and thus the role of a kindergarten teacher. The teacher must professionally plan the learning process, but use different methods in practice. In this thesis, we will present what these methods are and how they can they be effectively used to teach skiing. By using these methods teachers can have an impact on what they estimate the children need. The learning process in children takes place spontaneously. This kind of method of teaching requires a different approach to both planning and the implementation of activities. Other forms of professional planning are similar to the traditional way of teaching, namely that at the beginning a thorough analysis of existing knowledge is needed (knowledge and recognition of child's development), process-development planning of the learning process, followed by a slightly different planning and implementation, and finally corresponding analysis and evaluation of the work, and the creation of new, innovative approaches to improve learning. Through the thesis we try to show that the problem with the game method is multidimensional. Many teachers replace it with other types of games, especially for the free game. The game method requires an extremely good understanding of the current state of development of children and of the desired development. It requires a systematic upgrading in all areas at the same time, and with a relevant problem, which the children solve themselves, allow children their own solutions. At the same time it assumes the correct role for an appropriate and timely influence on the intensity, frequency, type and content of activities, depending on the desired process development objectives set. Learning any new physical activity should take place spontaneously in a child who is in the fundamental movement phase, but should be planned in the teacher. Therefore, the teacher, in the preparation of such a method of teaching, has to base on his knowledge of the field and the problems and peculiarities of the development of preschool children, which primarily include the knowledge of the characteristics of their biological, psychological and sociological development, appropriate teaching and methodological knowledge. Furthermore, he must take into account quantitative, methodological, conceptual and organizational factors of teaching physical activities, enabling him to organize a safe, pleasant and efficient teaching process and bring the child to the desired process-development goal. This thesis theoretically studies a variety of games. The results present the criteria for the distinction between the game method, didactic physical games and elementary games, and analyse the selected games for teaching skiing, which should serve the teachers to understand the games and help in their selection.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	pre-school child;motor development;predšolski otrok;gibalni razvoj;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Predšolska vzgoja
Strani:	72 str.
ID:	8752380