Pravni položaj delavca v primeru smrti delodajalca - fizične osebe

diplomsko delo

Marina Vučičević (Avtor), Darja Senčur Peček (Mentor)

Povzetek

Diplomska naloga obravnava pravni položaj delavca v primeru smrti delodajalca – fizične osebe. Gre za kompleksen problem, kateri zahteva poznavanje več pravnih področij. Predvsem je potrebno upoštevati delovno pravo, dedno pravo in statusno pravo. Stranki pogodbe o zaposlitvi sta delavec in delodajalec. Delavec je zmeraj fizična oseba in že obligacijski zakonik določa, da v primeru smrti ene od strank pogodbeno razmerje zaradi lastnosti ˝intuitu personae˝ preneha. Za razliko od delavca pa je delodajalec lahko fizična ali pravna oseba. Uvodoma je treba opredeliti in poznati lastnosti delodajalca, ki je fizična oseba. Samostojnega podjetnika opredeljuje Zakon o gospodarskih družbah v splošnem delu, prav tako pa v delu, ki je namenjen podjetniku. Pravni položaj drugih svobodnih poklicev, ki jih lahko opravljajo fizične osebe, pa urejajo posebni zakoni. Zaradi smrti delodajalca pridejo v poštev določbe dednega prava iz Zakona o dedovanju. V trenutku zapustnikove (delodajalčeve) smrti pride do dedovanja. Deduje se lahko na dva načina. Če je zapustnik zapustil oporoko, se spoštuje njegova volja. Če oporoke ni, ali če oporočno določeni dediči ne želijo dedovati, pride do zakonitega dedovanja. Določbe dednega prava so v primerjavi s statusnimi določbami lex generalis. Za pravni položaj delavca je pomemben Zakon o delovnih razmerjih. Nadaljevanje podjetja in ohranitev delavčevih pogodb o zaposlitvi je odvisna od tega, kakšno dejavnost je zapustnik opravljal. Lahko pride do dveh situacij. Prva situacija je ta, da je delodajalec opravljal takšno dejavnost, zaradi katere dediči ne morejo nadaljevati podjetja, ali pa iz različnih razlogov tega ne želijo. Zaradi tega se delovna razmerja in pogodbe o zaposlitvi delavcev ne ohranijo. V tem primeru so pravice delavcev okrnjene, saj jim ne pripada pravica do odpravnine, pravica do odpovednega roka in s tem povezane druge pravice. Pridobijo lahko le pravico do denarnega nadomestila za primer brezposelnosti. Druga situacija je takšna, da dediči lahko in želijo nadaljevati zapustnikovo podjetje. Pride do podobnega položaja kot v primeru prenosa podjetja, obrata ali njegovega dela. Potrebno je upoštevati slovenski Zakon o delovnih razmerjih, ob upoštevanju Direktive Sveta 2001/23/ES o približevanju zakonov držav članic glede varstva pravic delavcev v primeru prenosov podjetij, obratov ali delov podjetij in obratov. V tem primeru se ohranijo delovna razmerja in pogodbe o zaposlitvi.

Ključne besede

delovno pravo;smrt delodajalca;samostojni podjetnik;pravni položaj delavca;sprememba delodajalca;dedovanje podjetniškega premoženja;fizična oseba;prenehanje pogodbe o zaposlitvi;ohranitev pogodbe o zaposlitvi;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2015
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[M. Vučićević]
UDK:	349.2(043.2)
COBISS:	4934699
Št. ogledov:	2007
Št. prenosov:	225
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	A WORKER'S LEGAL STATUS IN THE EVENT OF THE DEATH OF THEIR EMPLOYER - NATURAL PERSON
Sekundarni povzetek:	The subject of my diploma paper is on a worker´s legal status in the event of the death of their employer – natural person. It is a complex problem which requires knowlege of many areas of law, especially labor law, inheritance law and corporate law. The parties of a contract of employment are the employee (worker) and the employer. The worker is always a natural person and civile code provides that, in the event of the death of one party, the relationship/contract due to the characteristic ˝intuitu personae˝ends. The same is not true for the death of the employer; the reason is that the employer can be both a legal or natural person. First, it is necessary to identify and understand the characteristics of the employer, who is a natural person. For private entrepreneur are these characteristics defined in the Companies Act and are laid down in the general part of the act as well as in the part meant for a private enterpreneur. For all other natural persons who are a member of a liberal professions are special rules laid down in the special acts. Due to the death of the employer there can be also relevant provisions of the inheritance law, contained in the Inheritance Act. At the moment of the testator´s (employer´s) death, the Inheritance Act comes into play via two different ways: if the deceased left a will, his will must be respected, however if no will is left, or if certain testamentary heirs do not want to inherit, then it comes to a legal inheritance. The provisions of the inheritance law are lex generalis in relation to a corporate provisions. For a worker´s legal status, the Employment relationship Act is important. The continuation of deceased’s activity depends especially on what kind of activity the deceased worked. Furthermore, it also depends if employment contracts shall be preserved. There may be two situations. The first is that he has pursued such an activity which heirs can not or do not want to continue the business. As a result, labor relations and employment contracts for the workers are not maintained. In this case the worker´s rights are truncated, because they are not entitled to severance pay, the right to notice and other related rights. Gain can only be entitled to monetary compensation for unemployment. Another situation is that the heirs can and want to continue the decedent's business. This is a similar situation as in the case of transfer of an undertaking, business or part thereof. It is necessary to take into account the Slovenian Employment relationship Act, having regard to Council Directive 2001/23/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States regarding the protection of the workers' rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings and establishments. In this case, the labor relations and employment contracts are maintained.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Death of employer – natural person;private entrepreneur;worker´s legal status;change of employer;inheritance of business property;natural person;termination of the employment contract;the preservation of the employment contract.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	66 f.
ID:	8773118