magistrska naloga
Povzetek
Pravo varstva okolja je mlajša pravna panoga, ki se je pričela razvijati skupaj z EU. Njen razvoj ni končan, saj EU z namenom varstva okolja in zmanjšanjem onesnaženih območji sprejema nova pravila na tem področju oziroma spreminja že sprejete določbe. Z namenom vzpostavitve okoljske odgovornosti je bila sprejeta tudi Direktiva o okoljski odgovornosti, ki vzpostavlja okoljsko odgovornost po načelu »Povzročitelj obremenitve plača«, pri čemer se odgovornost v skladu z direktivo nanaša na škodo na okolju samem, tj. zavarovanim vrstam in njihovim habitatom, vodi in tlom. Varstvo pred okoljsko škodo se zagotavlja na dva različna načina: s preventivnimi ukrepi, ki se izvedejo z namenom preprečiti ali čimbolj zmanjšati okoljsko škodo in sanacijskimi ukrepi, ki se izvajajo v primerih, ko je do okoljske škode dejansko že prišlo.
Varstvo okolja se lahko zagotavlja v javnem kot tudi v zasebnem interesu. EU daje velik poudarek vključevanju nevladnih organizacij v postopke varstva okolja. Aktivna legitimacija nevladnih organizacij za zagotavljanje pravnega varstva v zvezi z odgovornostjo za preprečevanje oziroma sanacijo okoljske škode po ZVO-1 je pogojena s pridobitvijo statusa nevladne organizacije na področju varstva okolja, ki delujejo v javnem interesu. Poleg teh pa delujejo tudi nevladne organizacije, ki takšnega statusa nimajo in je njihova aktivna legitimacija v posameznih postopkih odvisna od vrste postopka oziroma zahtevka, ki se ga poslužijo (npr. prepovedni zahtevek, opustitveni zahtevek, odškodninski zahtevek) in tudi od tega proti komu je takšen zahtevek naperjen (onesnaževalci, država,…). Pri varstvu okolja v javnem interesu je v ospredju restitucija oziroma vrnitev okolja v prejšnje stanje, zahtevki podani v zasebnem interesu pa v ospredje postavljajo odškodnino. Poleg tega pa slovensko civilno pravo pozna tudi preventivne zahtevke, na primer zahtevke za odstranitev škodne nevarnosti, česar v drugih pravnih sistemih ne najdemo. Z Direktivo o okoljski odgovornosti pa se varstvo s preventivnimi ukrepi uveljavlja tudi na področju javnega prava.
V sistemu varstva v zasebnem interesu okolje ni posebej izpostavljeno kot varovana dobrina in je določanje odškodnine mogoče samo v okvirih pravno priznanih škod v okviru civilnopravnega varstva. Varstvu okolja kot takemu je namenjen sicer 14. člen ZVO-1, ki določa opustitveni oziroma prepovedni zahtevek napram nosilcu posega v okolje, da ustavi poseg če bi ta povzročil ali povzroča čezmerno obremenitev okolja ali če bi povzročil ali povzroča neposredno nevarnost za življenje ali zdravje ljudi, ali da se mu prepove začeti izvajanje posega v okolje, če je izkazana velika verjetnost, da bi povzročil takšne posledice. Žal pa v sodni praksi ni najti primerov tožb po 14. členu ZVO-1, prav tako je sodna praksa skopa z odločitvami po 133. členu OZ v povezavi z varstvom okolja.
Ključne besede
okoljsko pravo;Slovenija;EU;Direktiva o okoljski odgovornosti;zakoni;varstvo okolja;okolje;škoda;odgovornost;civilno pravo;upravno pravo;nevladne organizacije;javni interes;zasebni interes;magistrske naloge;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2016 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM PF - Pravna fakulteta |
Založnik: |
[P. Jere Osmanović] |
UDK: |
349(043.4) |
COBISS: |
5198891
|
Št. ogledov: |
1003 |
Št. prenosov: |
154 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Attitude of EU law regarding the issue of two-tier nature of protection against environmental damage pursuant to national law |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Environmental protection law is a relatively new area of law that begun to develop along with the EU. Its development is not finished as the EU is continuously adopting new regulations or amending existing ones with the aim of protecting the environment and reducing polluted areas. One of such regulations adopted with the aim of instituting environmental responsibility was the Environmental Liability Directive that institutes environmental liability under the principle “Polluter pays principle”, whereby the liability in accordance with the directive is related to damage on the environment as such, namely protected species and their habitats, water and ground. Protection against environmental damage is assured in two different ways: with preventative measures carried out with the aim of preventing or reducing environmental damage, and corrective measures adopted in cases where environmental damage has already occurred.
Protection of the environment may be pursued in the public or in the private interest. The EU places great emphasis on the inclusion of non-governmental organisations in environmental protection procedures. Legal standing for non-governmental organisations in the assurance of legal protection in relation to liability for prevention or correction of environmental damage pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act (ZVO-1) is conditioned by the acquisition of the status of non-governmental organisation in the field of environmental protection, operating in public interest. Some non-governmental organisations active in the field do not have such status, so their legal standing in individual procedures depends on the type of procedure or claim being exercised (e.g. prohibitory injunction, preventive injunction, claim for damages) and the target of such a claim (polluters, the state, ...). In environmental protection in the public interest, the primary aim is restitution or the return of the environment into its previous condition while claims submitted in private interest focus on monetary compensation. Furthermore, Slovenian civil law also provides for preventative claims, such as claims for the removal of risk of damage, a legal remedy not found in other legal systems. With the Environmental Liability Directive, protection through preventative measures is also being introduced in public law.
In the system of protection in the public interest the environment is not explicitly listed as a protected good, therefore the determining of compensation is only possible within the constraints of legally recognised damage within civil law protection. Protection of the environment as such is mentioned in Article 14 of ZVO-1 which determines prohibitory or preventive injunctions against parties effecting the environment to cease their activities, if they are found to be causing or may cause excessive environmental strain or a direct threat to the life or health of people, or to prevent such a party from commencing an activity that would effect the environment if they are likely to cause such ramifications. Unfortunately legal practice shows no examples of action pursuant to Article 14 of ZVO-1 and shows very little in terms of decisions based on Article 133 of the Code of Obligations pertaining to environmental protection. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
environmental law;Slovenia;EU;Environmental Liability Directive;environmental protection;environment;damage;liability;civil law;administrative law;non-governmental organisations;public interest;private interest;master thesis; |
URN: |
URN:SI:UM: |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak. |
Strani: |
120 f. |
ID: |
9144138 |