magistrsko delo
Nadja Pezdir (Avtor), Marija Kavkler (Mentor)

Povzetek

Za učence s primanjkljaji na posameznih področjih učenja (v nadaljevanju PPPU) je značilno, da imajo izrazite težave pri osnovnih šolskih spretnostih (branje, pisanje, pravopis, računanje), ki vplivajo na različna področja učenja. Vsebine s področja fizike se v učnih načrtih pojavljajo vse od prvega razreda dalje. Fizikalne vsebine so vključene v različne raziskave s področja naravoslovne pismenosti, kot znanja enega izmed osnovnih 4 vsebinskih področij: biologije, kemije, vede o Zemlji in fizike. Pouk fizike učenci s PPPU večkrat opisujejo kot enega najtežjih v osnovnošolskem programu, saj od učencev poleg fizikalnih znanj in spretnosti zahteva dobro deklarativno, konceptualno in problemsko predznanje matematike kot tudi bralno razumevanje, ki učencem omogoča razumevanje prebranega, tako enostavnih kot tudi težjih in bolj specifičnih strokovnih vsebin. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljena kognitivna strategija reševanja besedilnih nalog, ki jo običajno uporabljamo pri reševanju matematičnih besedilnih nalog, ter način uporabe pri reševanju fizikalnih nalog. Želimo namreč predstaviti širšo uporabnost že omenjene kognitivne strategije reševanja matematičnih besedilnih nalog. Učencem s PPPU kognitivna strategija reševanja nalog omogoča postopnost pri reševanju fizikalnih nalog in s tem posledično boljše razumevanje ter večjo uspešnost. V empiričnem delu je uporabljen lasten avtorsko zasnovan trening kognitivne strategije reševanja fizikalnih nalog (eksplicitno poučevanje vseh 7 korakov strategije, torej branja nalog, parafraziranja ter iskanja ključnih podatkov, ponazarjanja nalog, načrtovanja postopka reševanja, ocenjevanja rezultatov, računanja ter oblikovanja ustreznega odgovora ter postopka preverjanja reševanja nalog) v povezavi s timskim poučevanjem tega predmeta. V magistrskem delu so predstavljene konkretne ideje za pomoč učencem pri pouku fizike, s poudarkom na pomenu uporabe eksplicitnega in timskega poučevanja pri delu z učenci s PPPU. V raziskavo so bili vključeni trije osmošolci s PPPU. Rezultati so pokazali, da so bili učenci po zaključenem treningu reševanja fizikalnih nalog uspešnejši kot pred začetkom, vendar bi bil za bolj avtomatizirano uporabo kognitivne strategije reševanja fizikalnih nalog potreben daljši trening. Rezultati so pokazali tudi, da učiteljica fizike poroča o pozitivnem vplivu timskega poučevanja in treninga kognitivne strategije reševanja fizikalnih nalog na uspešnost učencev s PPPU pri pouku fizike. Učenci, vključeni v oddelek, v katerem je potekalo timsko poučevanje fizike, so opazili razliko v primerjavi s klasičnim načinom poučevanja tega predmeta. Vendar pa so bili tej novi inkluzivni obliki poučevanja fizike manj naklonjeni kot učiteljica fizike ter specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagoginja.

Ključne besede

matematične besedilne naloge;fizika;timsko poučevanje;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik: [N. Pezdir]
UDK: 376(043.2)
COBISS: 11223625 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 855
Št. prenosov: 159
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Cognitive strategy instruction of solving problems at physics for pupils with severe specific learning disabilities
Sekundarni povzetek: It is typical of pupils with severe specific learning disabilities (later on SLD) to have distinct difficulties when it comes to basic learning skills (reading, writing, spelling, calculating), which affect different areas of learning. Teaching contents in physics are present in the school curriculum from the first grade on. Physics related contents are incorporated into various researches in the field of science literacy, being the knowledge of the four basic content areas: biology, chemistry, science of Earth and physics. The physics classes are among pupils with severe SLD referred to as the most challenging during their primary education, as they demand the knowledge of physics and physics related skills, as well as good declarative memory, prior conceptual and problem-solving knowledge of mathematics, as well as reading comprehension skills, which enable the pupils to understand more challenging and content specific texts. The cognitive strategy instructions of solving problems, which is usually used when solving mathematical textual exercises, and the approach of solving exercises in physics, will be presented in the theoretical part of the thesis, the reason for this being the need to present the usefulness of the previously mentioned cognitive strategy instructions of solving problems. The cognitive strategy enables pupils with severe SLD a gradual solving of exercises in physics and in turn a better understanding and a higher chance of success. The empirical part consists of a self-designed training of the cognitive strategy instructions of solving problems in physics (explicit teaching of the 7 steps of the strategy, such as reading the exercises, paraphrasing and searching for key information, illustrating the exercise, planning the solving procedure, result assessment, calculating and the formation of a suitable answer) in connection to a co-teaching of this particular subject. The master thesis consists of a presentation of concrete ideas on how to help pupils in physics classes, with the emphasis on the importance of the use of explicit co-teaching, when dealing with pupils with severe SLD. The research was based on the work undertaken with three eight graders with learning disabilities. The results have shown, that at the end of their training the pupils were more successful when solving physics exercises than prior to it. However, a longer lasting training would be necessary for a more automised use of the cognitive strategy when solving physics exercises. The results have also shown a positive influence of the co-teaching and the use of training of cognitive strategies on the successfulness of pupils with learning disabilities, as reported by the physics teacher. The pupils, integrated in the class, in which a co-teaching of physics has taken place, have noticed a difference in teaching styles in comparison to a classic style of teaching physics. However, the pupils were less keen on this new inclusion-based method as were the physics teacher and the special education and rehabilitation teacher.
Sekundarne ključne besede: learning difficulty;cognitive psychology;učne težave;kognitivna psihologija;
Vrsta datoteke: application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Strani: 80 str.
ID: 9175494