magistrsko delo
Alisa Kovačevič (Avtor), Janez Jerman (Mentor), Martina Ozbič (Komentor)

Povzetek

Komunikacija je ena od osnovnih človeških potreb in ena najpomembnejših poti do samostojnosti vsakega posameznika, torej tudi oseb z Downovim sindromom (v nadaljevanju DS). Največja odstopanja v komunikacijskih zmožnostih so pri osebah z DS opazna pri govoru in jeziku. Slabša razumljivost govora onemogoča učinkovito komunikacijo in socialno vključenost v okolico, omeji akademsko, poklicno ter vpliva na psihološko in čustveno področje posameznikovega življenja. Raziskave na področju govora in jezika oseb z DS so v preteklosti zajemale le otroke, saj je bila življenjska doba teh oseb zelo kratka. Z daljšanjem življenjske dobe (do 50 in več let) se pojavlja potreba po raziskovanju tega področja tudi pri odraslih osebah z DS, ki jih je potrebno usposobiti za čim bolj samostojno življenje. Pri tem pa je zelo pomembna učinkovita komunikacija, katere ključni predpogoj je govorna razumljivost. Po navedbah različnih avtorjev se lahko z govorno in jezikovno terapijo govorno-jezikovne sposobnosti oseb z DS izboljšajo tudi v obdobju odraslosti. Zato želimo z raziskavo opozoriti, da bi morali tudi odraslim osebam z DS v kar največji meri zagotoviti pomoč logopedov pri spodbujanju in maksimalnem razvijanju, pa tudi ohranjanju pridobljenih govorno-jezikovnih sposobnosti. V teoretičnih izhodiščih magistrskega dela smo opredelili DS, motnjo v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju MDR), komunikacijo, govor, jezik, govorno-jezikovni razvoj, govorno-jezikovne motnje in govorno razumljivost ter opisali posebnosti komunikacije, govora, jezika in razumljivosti oseb z DS. Opisana je tudi povezanost motorike in govora teh oseb. Raziskava je bila narejena na vzorcu 149 odraslih oseb z DS s področja celotne Slovenije. Z njo smo želeli dobiti vpogled v govorno razumljivost odraslih oseb z DS v slovenskem prostoru, ki do sedaj še ni bila predmet raziskav. Podatke smo pridobili z vprašalnikom, sestavljenim iz vzorcu prirejene Lestvice razumljivosti govora v vsakdanjem življenju: slovenščina (ICS) (v nadaljevanju ICS lestvica) in dodatnih vprašanj, povezanih z govorno razumljivostjo in težavami na področju govora in jezika. Zanimala nas je stopnja njihove govorne razumljivosti glede na različne komunikacijske partnerje in dejavnike, ki lahko nanjo vplivajo (spol, starost, težave, povezane s sluhom, govorom in jezikom itd.). Raziskava je potrdila, da se tudi pri odraslih osebah z DS stopnja razumljivosti govora komunikacijskemu partnerju viša z njegovim boljšim poznavanjem govorca (jim je bližji, preživijo z njim več časa). Tako so te osebe najbolj razumljive staršem/skrbnikom, najmanj pa drugim neznanim osebam. Rezultati raziskave so tudi pokazali, da se govorna razumljivost manjša z višanjem stopnje MDR. Najbolj razumljiv je govor oseb z lažjo MDR, najmanj pa oseb s težjo MDR. Na njihovo govorno razumljivost vpliva tudi prisotnost težav, povezanih s sluhom, govorom in jezikom. Govorna razumljivost oseb brez navedenih težav je boljša kot pri osebah, pri katerih so težave prisotne. Ni pa bistvene razlike v govorni razumljivosti med spoloma. Ugotovili smo še, da ima več odraslih oseb z DS težave zaradi slabše govorne razumljivosti v komunikaciji v neznanih kot znanih situacijah. Zaradi svoje slabše govorne razumljivosti se te osebe zanesljivo lažje znajdejo v znanih situacijah, poznanem okolju z ljudmi, ki jih poznajo, kot pa v neznanem okolju z neznanci. Je pa govorna razumljivost tistih, ki imajo težave v znanih situacijah nižja, kot pri tistih, ki imajo težave v neznanih situacijah. Težave v komunikaciji v znanih situacijah, domačem okolju se glede na razumljivost govora otroka/varovanca izrazijo oz. zaznajo kasneje kot v neznanem okolju. Potrebna je slabša govorna razumljivost, saj tisti, ki so z otrokom/varovancem največ v stiku, najboljše poznajo njegov govor in ga tudi najlažje razumejo.

Ključne besede

motnja v duševnem razvoju;jezik;govorno-jezikovna motnja;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik: [A. Kovačevič]
UDK: 376-056.34-053.8(043.2)
COBISS: 11464521 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 934
Št. prenosov: 114
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Speech intelligibility of adults with Down syndrome
Sekundarni povzetek: Communication is one of the basic human needs and important paths to independence of each individual, including those with Down syndrome (hereinafter DS). The biggest derogations in the communication skills of people with DS are in the speech and language area. Poor speech intelligibility disables efficient communication and social inclusion, limits academic and vocational, and influences the psychological and emotional development of an individual's life. Research in the field of speech and language development of people with DS only included children in the past, since the life expectancy of these individuals was very short. With the increase of life expectancy (up to 50 years and more) there is a need to explore this development of adults with DS as well and consequently prepare them to live independently as far as possible. An important factor here is efficient communication the crucial prerequisite of which isspeech intelligibility. According to different authors, speech and language skills of individuals with DS can improve with therapy in the adulthood as well. Therefore, with this research, we would like to point out that adults with DS should be given the support of speech and language therapists as well to ensure maximum development and preservation of acquired speech and language skills. The theoretical part of the master's thesis concerns the explanation of the terms DS, intellectual disability (hereinafter MDR), communication, speech, speech and language development, speech and language disorders, and speech intelligibility as well as the description of communication, speech, language and speech intelligibility characteristics of people with DS. Interaction between motoric functions and speech of these individuals is also described. The research included 149 individuals with DS from various parts of the country. Our goal was to gain insight into speech intelligibility of adults with DS in Slovenia which has not been the subject of research thus far. The data were collected through a questionnaire which included Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS): Slovenian (hereinafter ICS Scale) and some additional questions referring to speech intelligibility as well as speech and language difficulties. We were interested in the degree of speech intelligibility according to different communication partners and factors that might influence it (gender, age, hearing, speech, language difficulties etc.). The survey has shown that adults' speech intelligibility is better in situations where the communication partners are more familiar with each other (they are close to each other and spend more time with each other). Therefore, these individuals are best understood by their parents/guardians and least by unknown people. The results also indicate that speech intelligibility decreases with the increase of mental disorder. Speech of individuals with mild MD is better understood than the one of people with severe MD. Their speech intelligibility is also affected by hearing, speech and language problems. Speech intelligibility of individuals that don't have these difficulties is better than of those that have them. However, there is no significant difference between genders regarding speech intelligibility. It was also established that the majority of adults with DS are experiencing difficulties due to poor speech intelligibility in unknown situations. Since they are less intelligible, they function better in familiar settings and known environment with people they know than in unfamiliar settings surrounded by strangers. However, the results have also shown that individuals who experience difficulties in familiar settings are less intelligible than those who struggle in unfamiliar settings. Communication difficulties in familiar settings and home environment are detected later than in unfamiliar settings, since people who spend the majority of time with the child/protege are used to his way of speaking and better understand his speech.
Sekundarne ključne besede: Down's syndrome;speech;adult;Downov sindrom;govor;odrasli;
Vrsta datoteke: application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Logopedija in surdopedagogika
Strani: 106 str.
ID: 9578166