magistrsko delo
Tjaša Vidovič (Avtor), Igor Areh (Mentor)

Povzetek

Sodno izvedenstvo po svetu in zlasti v Sloveniji je predmet debate v strokovni skupnosti. Gre za novo področje, ki še nima izoblikovanih zavezujočih standardov in pravil, ki bi zagotavljala zadostno dokazno vrednost izvedenskih mnenj. Sodni izvedenci psihologi za izdelavo mnenj uporabljajo različne psihološke teste, ki jim pomagajo oceniti posameznikovo osebnost, a ti testi so bili zvečine ustvarjeni za klinično diagnostiko, ki ne zadošča zahtevam sodnega ocenjevanja osebnosti, saj je premalo zanesljiva in veljavna. V grobem se testi delijo na objektivne teste osebnosti in nestrukturirane projekcijske teste. Ker verodostojne študije kažejo, da projekcijski testi raziskovalno niso potrjeni, se pojavlja vprašanje legitimnosti njihove uporabe v sodnih namenih, kjer se odloča o posameznikovi usodi in življenju njegovih bližnjih. Kljub temu so projekcijski testi v Sloveniji, kot kažejo ugotovitve, predstavljene v nadaljevanju, dokaj pogosti pri sodnem ocenjevanju osebnosti, kar je posebnost naše države. V izvedeni raziskavi smo ugotovili tudi, da sodni izvedenci v Sloveniji uporabljajo psihološke teste, ki niso dokazano zanesljivi za uporabo v sodne namene. Ugotovili smo, da sodni izvedenci v primerjavi z izvedenci v državah z razvito sodno psihologijo uporabljajo bistveno več nestrukturiranih (projekcijskih) testov. V kazenskih zadevah je uporaba empirično nepotrjenih testov pogostejša kot v civilnih. Raziskave v tujini kažejo, da se je v teku desetletij v razvitejših državah uporaba spornih projekcijskih tehnik pri sodnem ocenjevanju osebnosti bistveno zmanjšala, v Sloveniji pa tega ni opaziti. Slednje sproža dvome v verodostojnost psiholoških izvedenskih mnenj, ki so, kot kaže uporaba vprašljivih testov, utemeljena bolj na kvaziznanstvenih prepričanjih kot na znanstvenih ugotovitvah.

Ključne besede

sodni izvedenci;psihologija;forenzična psihologija;izvedenska mnenja;psihološki testi;magistrska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik: [S. Vidovič]
UDK: 159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS: 77103875 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 259
Št. prenosov: 48
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: The use of empirically untested methods and techniques in slovenian practice of expert witness psychologists
Sekundarni povzetek: Judicial expertise around the world, particularly in Slovenia, is the subject of debate in the professional community. It is about a new area that has not yet developed obligatory standards and rules that would provide some sufficient probative value for expert opinions. Expert witness psychologists use various psychological tests for creating opinions to help assessing an individual's personality. Nevertheless these tests were mostly been created for a clinical diagnosis that does not meet all requirements of judicial personality assessment because it is insufficiently reliable and valid. Roughly speaking, tests are divided into objective personality tests and unstructured projection tests. Since trusted studies show that projection tests have not been confirmed as far as the research is concerned, the question of the legitimacy of their use in court purposes arises, where the fate of an individual and the lives of his or her loved ones are decided. However, projection tests in Slovenia, as shown by the findings presented below, are quite common in judicial assessment of one's personality, which is a special feature of our country. The conducted research has shown that expert witness psychologists in Slovenia use psychological tests that have not been proven reliable for the use of judicial purposes. Furthermore it was found out that expert witness psychologists use significantly more unstructured (projection) tests compared to experts in countries with a developed forensic psychology. In criminal cases, the use of empirically unconfirmed tests is more common than in civil ones. Research abroad shows that the use of controversial projection techniques in the judicial assessment of personality in more developed countries has significantly decreased over the decades, which is not the case with Slovenia. As the use of dubious tests shows, the latter raises doubts about the credibility of psychological expert opinions, which are based more on quasi-scientific beliefs than on scientific insights.
Sekundarne ključne besede: expert witness psychologists;pojective techniques;forensic psychology;expert opinion;psychological tests;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani: VII, 50 str., [2] str. pril.
ID: 13373715