doktorska disertacija
Sergeja Adamič (Avtor), Robert Leskovšek (Mentor)

Povzetek

V doktorski disertaciji smo preučevali dinamiko talne plevelne semenske banke ter vpliv prekrivnih dosevkov in različno intenzivnih sistemov obdelave tal na razvoj plevelne vegetacije. Vzorčenje tal in poljski poskusi so bili izvedeni na poskusnem polju Kmetijskega inštituta Slovenije v Jabljah, kjer od jeseni 2018 poteka dolgoletni poskus s tremi sistemi obdelave tal (konvencionalna [CN], konzervirajoča [CS] in brez obdelave [NT]). Ugotovili smo, da je bila gostota kalivih plevelnih semen spomladi večja kot jeseni, prav tako so bile plevelne združbe spomladi bolj vrstno bogate in pestre. V sistemu NT je bila stalno nižja gostota plevelnih semen. Prvi v Sloveniji smo izvedli raziskavo za določanje kritičnega obdobja za zatiranje plevela (CPWC) v posevku koruze. Obdobje za zatiranje plevela se je z zmanjševanjem intenzivnosti obdelave tal krajšalo. Tako je bilo najdaljše v sistemu CN in najkrajše v sistemu NT. Obsežen del raziskav v doktorski disertaciji je bil namenjen prekrivnim dosevkom. V raziskavo sta bila vključena dva monokulturna dosevka (oljna redkev [Raphanus sativus L.] in aleksandrijska detelja [Trifolium alexandrinum L.]) ter enostavna mešanica iz petih vrst in vrstno bogata mešanica iz sedmih vrst rastlin. Oljna redkev je imela hitro začetno rast, katera se je zaradi napada repičarja (Brassicogethes aeneus [F.]) začela zmanjševati na sredini rastne dobe. Takoj po setvi so imeli vsi dosevki majhno konkurenčno sposobnost. Oljna redkev je skozi vso rastno dobo ohranila visoko konkurenčno sposobnost, poleg tega je imela za 30 % višjo relativno sposobnost zatiranja plevela v primerjavi z enostavno mešanico, ki je bila v več pogledih boljša od vrstno bogate mešanice. Jeseni je bila rast dosevkov prekinjena z izpostavitvijo mrazu (zmrzovanje), z oranjem, plitvo obdelavo s krožno brano in valjanjem z valjarjem roller crimper. Jeseni so bili najboljši rezultati doseženi pri prekinitvi rasti z oranjem. Kot najboljša metoda prekinitve rasti jeseni z vplivom spomladi, se je izkazalo valjanje z valjarjem. V monokulturnih dosevkih smo opazili več plevelov kot v mešanicah, na prahi pa je bilo zaradi odsotnosti konkurenčnega dosevka največ plevela tekom cele rastne dobe.

Ključne besede

plevel;konkurenčnost;prekrivni dosevki;sistem obdelave;kalitev;kritično obdobje;semenska banka;zatiranje plevela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
Organizacija: UL BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
Založnik: [S. Adamič Zamljen]
UDK: 631.52:631.584:632.51(043.3)
COBISS: 233307395 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 74
Št. prenosov: 17
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Influence of cover crops and tillage intensity on weed development dynamics
Sekundarni povzetek: The present PhD thesis investigates the dynamics of soil weed seed bank and the impact of cover crops and different intensive tillage systems on the development of weed vegetation. Soil sampling and field experiments were conducted on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia in Jablje, where a long-term experiment with three tillage systems (conventional [CN], conservation [CS] and no-tillage [NT]) has been ongoing since autumn 2018. The results demonstrated that the density of germinating weed seeds was higher in spring than in autumn, and that weed communities exhibited greater species richness and diversity in spring. The density of weed seeds was found to be consistently lower in the NT system. Our research group was the first in Slovenia to investigate the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in maize. The period during which weed control was required became shorter as the intensity of tillage decreased. Consequently, the period in question was the longest in CN system and the shortest in the NT system. A significant part of the PhD thesis was dedicated to the examination of cover crops. The study included two monoculture cover crops (oilseed radish [Raphanus sativus L.] and berseem clover [Trifolium alexandrinum L.]), as well as a simple mixture of five species and diverse mixture of seven plant species. The oilseed radish exhibited a rapid initial growth, which subsequently declined in the middle of the growing period due to infestation of the common pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus [F.]). After sowing all cover crops exhibited a markedly reduced competitive ability. The oilseed radish demonstrated a consistently high competitive ability throughout the growing period, exhibiting a 30% greater relative weed control ability compared to simple mixture. This was superior to the diverse mixture in several aspects. In the autumn, cover crop growth was terminated by exposure to frost (frost), ploughing, shallow tillage with a disc harrow and rolling with a roller crimper. In the autumn, the optimal results were achieved when growth was disrupted by ploughing. In the subsequent spring, rolling was identified as the most effective termination method that had occurred during the previous autumn. Monoculture cover crops exhibited a greater prevalence of weeds than the mixtures, with the set-aside displaying the highest incidence of weeds throughout the growing season due to the absence of a competing crop.
Sekundarne ključne besede: weed;competition;cover crops;tillage system;germination;critical period;seed bank;weed control;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Doktorsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak.
Strani: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 95 str., [1] str. pril.))
ID: 26230416