magistrsko delo
Lidija Korat (Author), Željko Knez (Mentor), Zorka Novak-Pintarič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Inšpektorat Republike Slovenije za delo med drugim izvaja inšpekcijski nadzor tudi na področju kemijske varnosti na celotnem ozemlju Republike Slovenije. Nadzor zajema vse delodajalce ne glede na njihovo velikost oz. število zaposlenih ter ne glede na kraj izvajanja dejavnosti. Inšpektorat sooblikuje politiko nadzora na področju kemijske varnosti. Pred leti je bilo pri izvajanju inšpekcijskih nadzorov zaznano, da v Republiki Sloveniji obstaja problematika pri zagotavljanju ustreznih varnostnih ukrepov pri delodajalcih, kjer so delavci na delovnih mestih izpostavljeni stirenu. Namen magistrskega dela je prikazati kompleksnost področja varnosti in zdravja pri delu v zvezi zizpostavljenostjo delavcev stirenu. Cilj je, da bi naloga prispevala k dvigu ravni kemijske varnosti in služila kot učno gradivo pri usposabljanju delodajalcev in delavcev, ki so pri različnih tehnoloških postopkih na delovnih mestih izpostavljeni stirenu. Hkrati lahko naloga predstavlja primer dobre prakse tudi za ostale nevarne kemične snovi, ki se pojavljajo v delovnihokoljih in niso ustrezno obravnavane. Za zagotovitev ustreznih varnostnih ukrepov na delovnih mestih je v prvi vrsti nujno potrebno dobro poznavanje lastnosti določene kemikalije. Zato so v nalogi podrobno opredeljene lastnosti stirena in njegov vpliv na zdravje in okolje. Uporaba stirena je zelo obsežna. Uporablja se kot zamreževalec pri izdelavi laminatov iz poliestrske in vinilestrske smole, kot topilo, kot elastomer in tudi kot termoplastični polimerizat. Zato so v nalogi prikazane lastnosti teh materialov, nekatere vrste in postopki predelave ter primeri uporabe. Poznavanje tega je nujno potrebno pri razvoju ustreznih tehnoloških postopkov in zagotavljanju varnih delovnih pogojev. Mejne vrednosti poklicne izpostavljenosti stirenu so se v preteklosti postopoma zniževale tako v državah EU kot tudi v Republiki Sloveniji. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da stiren v območju od 50 ppm do 200 ppm vpliva na centralni živčni sistem, nad 200 ppm papri delavcih, ki so mu izpostavljeni, prihaja do izrazitega poslabšanja reakcijskega časa in motenj telesnega ravnotežja. Nekatere študije poročajo o naraščanju pogostosti spontanih splavov pri delavkah, ki delajo v industriji plastike in o sumu, da stiren povzroča raka. Mednarodna agencija za raziskovanje raka razvršča stiren v skupino 2B, v katero spadajo snovi, kjer je rakotvorno delovanje mogoče, ni pa za to zbranih še dovolj dokazov. Zato seje mejna vrednost v Republiki Sloveniji v letu 2001 znižala s 100 ppm na kar petkrat nižjo vrednost in sicer na 20 ppm oz. 86 mg/m3. V Republiki Sloveniji ni bilo izdelane ocene o številu delavcev, ki so izpostavljeni stirenu, niti ni bilo znano, pri katerih delovnih postopkih in kakšnim koncentracijam so izpostavljeni. Zato je bila v letih 2007 in 2008 izvedena akcija nadzora v dejavnostih, v katerih so delavci lahko izpostavljeni stirenu. Namen akcije je bil ugotoviti, v katerih dejavnostih so delavci izpostavljeni stirenu in kakšna je raven zagotavljanja oz. izvajanja varnostnih ukrepov. V akciji se je preverjalo, ali delodajalci izpostavljenoststirenu obravnavajo kot posebno nevarnost oz. škodljivost, ali so na podlagi opravljene ocene tveganja določili potrebne varnostne ukrepe, ali so v oceni tveganja opredelili delovna mesta, kjer se bo izvajal biološki monitoring na stiren, v kakšni periodiki in po kakšnem postopku se bo le-ta izvajal in ali se je biološki monitoring že kdaj izvajal. Preverjalo se je, ali so delavci seznanjeni z nevarnimi lastnostmi stirena, ali so koncentracijena posameznih delovnih mestih v predpisanih mejah ter kakšno osebno varovalno opremo uporabljajo delavci in kako pogosto jo uporabljajo. Izsledki raziskave so predstavljeni v tem magistrskem delu. Inšpekcijski nadzor je potekal na celotnem območju Republike Slovenije in sicer pri 73 delodajalcih, ki so v času opravljanja nadzora skupaj zaposlovali 22 457 delavcev, od tega je bilo stirenu izpostavljenih skupno 1461 delavcev v različnih dejavnostih.

Keywords

stiren;kompoziti;laminati;tehnologija izdelave laminatov;inšpekcijski nadzor;izpostavljenost delavcev stirenu;biološki monitoring;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Source: Maribor
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher: [L. Korat]
UDC: 678.746.2
COBISS: 13992214 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Polymer technology with emphasis on protection against styrene
Secondary abstract: Labour inspectorate of the Republic of Slovenia performs supervision within the issue of chemical security on entire territory of the Republic of Slovenia. The supervision comprises all employers regardless the size, the number and the place of activity. Labour Inspectorate co-establishes policy onthe field of chemical security also. It was obvious that as far as Slovenia is concerned there is lot of problems at assuring suitable safety measures on workplaces exposed to styrene. The purpose of this M.Sc. thesis is to presentthe complexity of safety and health at work due to styrene exposure. Itis an aim this paper to contribute to the higher level of chemical security.It also could be used as educational material within the process of workers education on styrene exposed workplaces. This M.Sc. thesis is presenting a case of good practice for other chemical substance also. To ensure suitable security measures, it is necessary to be well acquainted with chemical characteristics. Therefore this M.Sc. thesis describes styrene characteristics and its impact on health in detail. Use of styrene is very extensive. It is used to make polystyrene, in copolymer systems, in the production of styrene-butadiene rubber and related lattices. It is also used as a component of unsaturated polyester and vinylester resins. Therefore this M.Sc. thesis describes characteristics of these materials and procedures of processing. It is necessary to be well acquainted with this, due to develop ofsustainable technological procedure and ensuring safe work conditions. The limit value of professional exposure had been gradually decreased within EU countries and as far as Slovenia is concerned. It had been noticed styrene within 50 ppm and 200 ppm has an impact on central nervous system. Over 200 ppm there is a deterioration of reactive time and balance disturbance. Some studies reports about increasing of incidence of spontaneous abortions among female workers. International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies styrenewithin 2B group as possible carcinogenic. Nevertheless, there are not enough evidences for this statement. The occupational limit value as far as Slovenia is concerned had been decreased in 2001 from 100 ppm to 20 ppm i.e. 86 mg/m3. We do not have estimation about the incidence of workers exposed to styrene. Neither we know their work procedure or concentration they were exposed. Therefore the Labour Inspectorate had performed a campaign within sectors were workers are exposed to styrene. The purpose of campaign was to define sectors in which workers are exposed to styrene and to define the levelof safety measures performance. During the action it had been checked if employers deal with styrene exposure as special hazard and perniciousness. Additionally the workplaces were biological monitoring on styrene is going to be performed were connected with the risk assessment. Workers education regarding styrene dangerous characteristics, styrene concentration and usage of personal protected equipment had been checked. The results of this research are presented in this paper. Supervision had been performed on entire area of the Republic of Slovenia comprising 73 employers with 22 457 employees among which 1461 workers were exposed to styrene.
Secondary keywords: styrene;composite;laminates;tecnologies of laminate production;labour inpectorate supervision;styrene exposure;biological monitoring;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages: XXII, 236 f.
Keywords (UDC): applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;various industries;trades and crafts;razne industrije;obrti in rokodelstva;industries based on macromolecular materials;rubber industry;plastics industry;industrija makromolekulskih snovi;industrija kavčuka;industrija umetnih snovi;synthetic polymerization products;polymerizates;synthetic rubbers;sintetični polimerizacijski produkti;polimerizati;sintetični kavčuk;
ID: 1002923