magistrsko delo
Tjaša Mežnaršič (Author), Janez Jerman (Mentor)

Abstract

Mladostništvo je obdobje, za katerega so značilne pomembne spremembe na telesnem in duševnem področju. Močno se spremenijo medosebni odnosi tako z družinskimi člani kot tudi s prijatelji in osebami nasprotnega spola. Pojavijo se lahko težave na področju govorjenja v javnosti in asertivne komunikacije, le-te pa se z negativnimi izkušnjami le še povečujejo. Mladostniki z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju (LMDR) imajo zaradi intelektualnih, socialnih in drugih primanjkljajev na področju medosebnih odnosov pogosto več medosebnih težav od normativnih mladostnikov in bi potrebovali več pomoči in podpore. V okviru naše raziskave smo uporabili Vprašalnik o medosebnih težavah v mladostništvu, španskih avtorjev, ki je preveden v slovenščino. Vprašalnik je samoocenjevalna lestvica, ki meri prisotnost medosebnih težav na področju socialnih odnosov, ki jih mladostniki zaznavajo pri sebi (npr. v družini, šoli, v javnosti, s prijatelji, z osebami, ki so jim všeč itd.). Na vzorcu 181 učencev in učenk iz dveh osnovnošolskih programov: osnovne šole s prilagojenim programom z nižjim izobrazbenim standardom (PP NIS) ter iz programa osnovne šole z enakovrednim izobraževalnim standardom (EIS), smo želeli preveriti stopnjo medosebnih težav. Zanimalo nas je kateri vzorec iz obeh skupin mladostnikov ima več medosebnih težav – ali mladostniki, ki prihajajo iz PP NIS in imajo opredeljeno lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju (LMDR) ali normativni mladostniki. Zanimalo nas je tudi, ali obstajajo razlike med medosebnimi težavami pri različno starih mladostnikih obeh vzgojno-izobraževalnih programov in med spoloma, ali obstajajo pomembne razlike v primerjavi starejših mladostnikov z LMDR in mlajših brez motenj, ter kolikšne so razlike v medosebnih težavah med dekleti in fanti le iz PP NIS. Rezultati naše raziskave so pokazali, da imajo mladostniki z LMDR več medosebnih težav kot normativni mladostniki, predvsem na področju družinskih in prijateljskih odnosov. Ko smo analizirali obe skupini mladostnikov – tako tiste z, kot tudi brez LMDR – smo dobili rezultate, da imajo mlajši učenci brez MDR manj medosebnih težav. Dekleta iz obeh skupin mladostnic imajo v primerjavi s fanti z in brez MDR več težav, pri čemer imajo oboji največ medosebnih težav na področju odnosov z nasprotnim spolom. Preverili smo tudi, ali obstaja razlika v medosebnih težavah med mlajšimi, normativni mladostniki, v primerjavi s starejšimi mladostniki z LMDR, pri čemer smo ugotovili, da obstajajo pomembne razlike in da imajo mladostniki iz PP NIS več medosebnih težav. Nazadnje smo še preverili, ali imajo fantje z LMDR več medosebnih težav kot dekleta z LMDR. Izkazalo se je, da jih imajo dekleta manj kot fantje. Rezultati so na splošno pokazali, da imajo mladi največ medosebnih težav na področju odnosov z nasprotnim spolom ter na področju asertivnega vedenja. Sledijo medosebne težave v družinskih odnosih in govorjenje v javnosti, najmanj težav pa imajo na področju prijateljskih odnosov. Fantje iz obeh vzorcev skupaj so se na splošno ocenjevali bolj pozitivno od deklet, izjemoma fantje, ki imajo LMDR. Pomembno je, da se kot strokovni delavci zavedamo, na katerih področjih se najpogosteje pojavljajo medosebne težave, tako pri normativnih mladostnikih, predvsem pa pri mladostnikih z MDR, ki se s težavami v medosebnih odnosih še težje spopadajo. Adolescenti morajo začutiti, da lahko najdejo podporo v odrasli osebi, na katero se lahko zanesejo in ki ji bo pomagala medosebne težave uspešno prebroditi.

Keywords

mladostništvo;mladostniki z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju;normativni mladostniki;medosebne težave;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [T. Mežnaršič]
UDC: 376(043.2)
COBISS: 11909449 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Interpersonal relations of adolescents with mild intellectual disability in comparison to relations of normative adolescents
Secondary abstract: Adolescence is a period characterized by significant physical and mental changes. Interpersonal relations with family members, friends and persons of opposite sex change a lot. Adolescents may experience problems with speaking in public and with assertive communication, which may increase with negative experiences. Adolescents with mild intellectual disability (MID) have more interpersonal problems in the area of interpersonal relations because of their intellectual, social and other deficits. Because of that, they would need more help and support. As a part of our research, we used the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulty for Adolescents by Spanish authors translated into Slovene. The questionnaire is a self-assessment scale that measures the presence of interpersonal problems in the area of social relations that adolescents perceive for themselves (e.g. in the family, in school, in public, with friends, with people they like, etc.). On a sample of 181 students from two elementary school programs – elementary school with adapted program with lower educational standards (AP LES) and elementary school program with an equivalent educational standard (EES) – we wanted to check the level of interpersonal problems. We were interested in finding out which sample from both groups of adolescents has more interpersonal problems – adolescents that are attending AP LES and were identified as having MID or normative adolescents. We were also interested in whether there are differences between interpersonal problems in adolescents of different ages in both educational programs and between the sexes, whether there are significant differences comparing older adolescents with MID and younger adolescents without intellectual disability, and also the differences in interpersonal problems between girls and boys only from AP LES. The results of our research have shown that adolescents with MID have more interpersonal problems than normative adolescents, especially as regards their relationships with family and friends. Analysing both groups of adolescents - with and without MID - we obtained results that younger pupils without intellectual disability (ID) have fewer interpersonal problems. Girls from both groups of adolescents have more problems compared to boys with and without MID, with both having most interpersonal problems in the area of relationships with the opposite sex. We also examined whether there is a difference in interpersonal problems among younger, normative adolescents, compared to older adolescents with MID, and found that there are significant differences and that adolescents from AP LES have more interpersonal problems. Finally, we also checked whether boys with MID have more interpersonal problems than girls with MID. It turned out that girls have fewer problems than boys do. In general, the results showed that adolescents have most interpersonal problems in relationships with the opposite sex and in assertive behaviour, followed by interpersonal problems in family relations and public speaking. Adolescents have the fewest problems in relationships with friends. Boys from both samples together generally rated themselves more positively than girls, except boys who have MID. It is important that as professionals we are aware of the areas in which interpersonal problems are most common, both in normative adolescents, and especially in adolescents with MID, who have even more difficulty in dealing with problems in interpersonal relationships. Adolescents need to feel that they can find support in an adult on whom they can rely and who will help them to successfully overcome their interpersonal difficulties.
Secondary keywords: mentally handicapped;youth;interpersonal relations;duševno prizadeti;mladina;medosebni odnosi;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika
Pages: 65 str.
ID: 10902037