Prehodnost vodnih turbin tipa Kaplan za dolvodne ribje migracije

magistrsko delo

Sara Mikec (Author), Andrej Kryžanowski (Mentor), Marjeta Kramar Fijavž (Thesis defence commission member), Janez Gale (Co-mentor), Matjaž Četina (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Namen tega magistrskega dela je raziskava obstoječega stanja pri raziskavah %ribam prijaznih% turbin oziroma turbin, ki poškodujejo ribe pri dolvodni migraciji v najmanjši meri in analiza primernosti in stopnje smrtnosti obstoječih dizajnov turbin, s fokusom na Kaplan turbini. Predvsem smo se pri analizi osredotočili na turbinski gonilnik, ki je za ribji prehod najbolj problematičen, saj tam prihaja do vrtenja gonilniških lopat z zelo veliko hitrostjo in pa do hipne spremembe tlakov, kar povečuje verjetnost mehanskega udarca ter poškodb ribjega mehurja. Analiziran je konkreten primer hidroelektrarne Nedre Fiskumfoss na Norveškem, ki je v procesu obnove oziroma izgradnje nove strojnice. Trenutno so vgrajene turbine tipa Francis, nova rešitev pa je vgradnja Kaplan turbin. Novo rešitev smo analizirali in primerjali parametre, ki se nanašajo na spremembo tlaka v turbinskem sistemu, hitrost vrtenja, velikost gonilnika in stopnjo potopitve, glede na biološke kriterije. Biološki kriteriji so kriteriji za hidravlične razmere v turbini, ki ribi omogočajo varen prehod skozi turbino. Obstoječo rešitev s Francis gonilniki na HE Nedre Fiskumfoss smo primerjali s predlaganimi Kaplanimi gonilniki z ozirom na prehodnost za ribe. Rezultat je razvoj teoretičnih modelov oziroma enačb, ki omogočajo primerjavo Kaplan turbin z različnimi karakteristikami oziroma z različno stopnjo potopitve, na isti točki v školjčnem diagramu. Poleg tega so v razpravi predstavljene tudi alternativne rešitve, ki omogočajo večjo stopnjo preživetja rib ob istih osnovnih parametrih turbine, predvsem gonilnika.

Keywords

gradbeništvo;magistrska dela;II. VOI;ribam prijazna turbina;dolvodna migracija;prehodnost rek;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
Publisher:	[S. Mikec]
UDC:	621.224.35:574.62(043.3)
COBISS:	8445793
Views:	1386
Downloads:	313
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Passibility of Kaplan turbine for downstream fish passage
Secondary abstract:	The purpose of this master thesis is an investigation of the current state of fish-friendly turbines (turbines which injure the fish at downstream migration at the lowest possible rate) and also an analysis of adequacy for fish passage at the current designs with the focus on the Kaplan turbine. Our main focus is an analysis of the turbine runner, which is the most problematic part of fish passage, since it is a place of high pressure changes, which increases damage to the fishʼs swimming bladder,and the likeliest place for a mechanical strike. Analyzed is an actual case study of a Nedre Fiskumfoss hydro power plant in Norway, which is in the process of renovation or building a new power house with new turbines. We analyze the new solution and we compare the parameters, which impact the rate of pressure change, runnerʼs speed, runnerʼs diameter and depth of a submergence. We compare the calculated values with biological criteria for a fishʼs safe passage through the turbine system. The existing Francis turbines and new Kaplan solution are compared. The result is a theoretical model or equations which allow to compare different Kaplan turbine runners on the same point of optimal or highest efficiency in the hill chart. In addition, the alternative solutions for a safer fish passage are presented, which would have a lower fish mortality rate at the same main turbine parameters.
Secondary keywords:	civil engineering;master thesis;fish-friendly turbine;downstream migration;river passage;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za gradbeništvo in geodezijo
Pages:	XVIII, 65 str.
ID:	10938259