Pomen preiskovanja krvi in krvnih sledi pri kaznivem dejanju

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Informacijska varnost

Sabina Kresevič (Author), Katja Drobnič (Mentor)

Abstract

Ko se zgodi kaznivo dejanje, imajo policisti, kriminalistični tehniki, kriminalisti in forenzični strokovnjaki /izvedenci glavno vlogo, da v imenu žrtev povedo, kaj, kako, kje in zakaj se je kaznivo dejanje zgodilo. Tehniki in policisti zavarujejo sledi, kriminalisti in policisti zaslišujejo, medtem ko forenzični izvedenci opravijo analizo materialnih dokazov in rezultate ovrednotijo. Pri raziskovanju primera imajo ključno vlogo materialni dokazi, posebna vrste le-teh so krvne sledi in kri. Pa vendar na videz nič kaj posebna tekočina skriva mnogo unikatnih in pomembnih lastnosti posameznika, najpomembnejša lastnost je DNK, ki vsakemu posamezniku daje identiteto, zato bi DNK lahko poimenovali človeška črtna koda. Ker je puščanje te unikatne sledi za seboj preprosto, morajo preiskovalci nositi zaščitne obleke in maske, da se kraj kaznivega dejanja ne kontaminira. Na prvi pogled vsaka kri izgleda enako, bodisi človeška ali nečloveška oziroma drugih živalskih vrst. Pa temu ni tako, saj človeška kri vsebuje dihalni pigment – hemoglobin, kri nekaterih drugih živali pa poleg njega vsebuje še druge dihalne pigmente. Za odkrivanje krvi uporabljamo različne reagente, med najbolj znanimi so luminol, BlueStar®, tetramethylbenzidine – TMB, Hemastix®, Hexagon OBTI®. Preliminarni reagenti (luminol, BlueStar®, tetramethylbenzidine – TMB, Hemastix®) dajejo lažno pozitivne rezultate, saj reagirajo s katero koli krvjo, ki ni človeškega izvora. Posledica nasilnih dogodkov so tudi različne oblike krvnih sledi. Namreč, tudi oblika krvnih sledi vsebuje veliko uporabnih informacij, saj pove, na kakšen način in s čim je bilo storjeno kaznivo dejanje. Za ugotovitev izvora krvnih sledi v prostoru uporabljamo več različnih metod, ki so kasneje pomemben del rekonstrukcije dogodka. Vse sledi je nujno potrebno fotografirati in dokumentirati ter jih ohraniti za nadaljnje laboratorijske preiskave in kazenski postopek. V kazenskem postopku se predstavi kaznivo dejanje, zato je pomembno, da so sledi natančno dokumentirane, medtem ko morajo biti rezultati forenzične preiskave natančni in razumljivo predstavljeni. V zapisniku je zapisano, katere sledi so bile zavarovane. Rezultate forenzičnih preiskav forenzični strokovnjaki podajo v obliki poročila o preiskavi.

Keywords

diplomske naloge;kri;oblika krvne sledi;kaznivo dejanje;DNK;lažno pozitivni rezultati;preiskovanja krvnih sledi;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[S. Kresevič]
UDC:	343.98(043.2)
COBISS:	3602154
Views:	1326
Downloads:	261
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Importance of examination of blood and blood traces during criminal act
Secondary abstract:	When a criminal offense occurs, police officers, crime scene officers, detectives and forensic experts have a key role that in the name of the victim tell what, how, where and why the crime occurred. The police officers and crime scene officers collect the traces as well as police officers interrogate, while forensic experts carry out an analysis of material evidence and evaluate the results. In the case study, material evidence plays a key role and special types of them are blood traces, bloodstain pattern and blood. But, apparently, liquid, that seems nothing special, hides many unique and important characteristics of the individual person, the most important feature is the DNA, which gives each individual an identity, so the DNA can be called a human bar code. As it is easy to leave a trace behind yourself, investigators must wear protective clothing and masks so that the crime scene is not contaminated. At a first look, each blood looks similar, either human or non-human or other animal species. This is not the case, because the human blood contains a breathing pigment - hemoglobin, and the blood of some other animals contains other respiratory pigments besides it. For the detection of blood, various reagents are used, amongst the best known are luminol, BlueStar®, tetramethylbenzidine - TMB, Hemastix®, Hexagon OBTI®. Preliminary reagents (luminol, BlueStar®, tetramethylbenzidine - TMB, Hemastix®) give false positive results as they react with any blood other than human origin. Various forms of blood stains are also the result of violent events. Namely, the form of blood stains also contains a lot of useful information, as it tells us, in what way and with what the criminal act was committed. In order to determine the origin of blood stains in the area, we use several different methods, which are, later, an important part of the reconstruction of the event. All the traces need to be photographed, documented and retained for further laboratory investigations and prosecution. In the prosecution, a criminal act is presented, therefore it is important that the traces are carefully documented, while the results of the forensic investigation must be accurately and comprehensively presented. The results of forensic investigation are written by experts in their document, which is called an investigation report.
Secondary keywords:	blood;bloodstain pattern;criminal act;DNA;false positive results;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	XI, 51 str.
ID:	10976714