diplomsko delo
Anže Erjavec (Author), Robert Sotler (Reviewer), Damjan Slabe (Mentor), Miran Brvar (Co-mentor)

Abstract

IZVEČEK Uvod: Glavni vzrok zastrupitev z gobami je zaužitje strupenih gob po zamenjavi z užitnimi. Največ smrtno nevarnih zastrupitev v Sloveniji nastopi po zaužitju zelene mušnice, katere smrtno nevarni strupi amatoksini lahko povzročijo odpoved delovanja jeter. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstavitev zastrupitve z zeleno mušnico in ustrezne prve pomoči. Cilji so opredeliti pojme strupena goba, toksini in zastrupitev, opisati simptome in znake zastrupitve z amatoksini ter simptome in znake gastrointestinalnega sindroma, predstaviti epidemiološke podatke o pogostosti zastrupitev z gobami, opisati prvo pomoč in nujno medicinsko pomoč ob zastrupitvi z zeleno mušnico, opredeliti vlogo medicinske sestre ter opredeliti ključne preventivne ukrepe za preprečevanje zastrupitev z gobami. Metode: Opravili smo sistematičen pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, objavljene v časovnem obdobju med leti 2008 in 2018. Za iskanje temeljne literature v slovenskem jeziku je bila uporabljena vzajemna bibliografsko-kataloška baza podatkov COBISS+. Temeljno literaturo v angleškem jeziku smo iskali po podatkovnih bazah CINAHL in PubMed ter s pomočjo spletnega brskalnika Google scholar. Rezultati: Prva pomoč v primeru zastrupitve z zeleno mušnico se prične na terenu s prepoznavo zastrupitve, nujnimi ukrepi za reševanje življenja, odstranjevanjem strupa iz ustne votline in klicem Regijskega centra za obveščanje (telefonska številka 112), preko katerega se aktivira ekipo nujne medicinske pomoči. Nujna medicinska pomoč in zdravljenje zastrupitve z amatoksini sta simptomatska, zajemata preprečevanje absorbcije amatoksinov, vzdrževanje tekočinskega in elektrolitskega ravnovesja in preprečevanje poškodbe jetrnih celic z antidotom. Pri akutni odpovedi jeter poteka zastrupitev s številnimi zapleti, odpoved jeter se zdravi s presaditvijo. Razprava in zaključek: Zelena mušnica je ena najbolj strupenih gob v Sloveniji. V zagotavljanju zdravja prebivalstva je ključno preprečevanje zastrupitve, ob zastrupitvi pa pravočasna prva pomoč. Medicinske sestre so vključene v nujno medicinsko pomoč in zdravljenje: v vlogi dispečerja, člana ekipe nujne medicinske pomoči na terenu, člana zdravstvenega tima v urgentnem centru in člana zdravstvenega tima na bolnišničnem oddelku. Njihova vloga je sodelovanje v diagnostičnem in terapevtskem programu po navodilih zdravnika, stalno spremljanje simptomov in znakov zastrupitve ter pravočasno poročanje o spremembah zdravstvenega stanja bolnika. Pomembno je stalno izobraževanje in dobro znanje iz toksikologije, saj je amatoksinski sindrom zelo podoben gastrointenstinalnemu, ki ga povzroči zaužitje manj strupenih gob. Ob zaključku bolnišničnega zdravljenja je naloga medicinskih sester učenje zastrupljenca in svojcev o načelih varnega gobarjenja in pravilnem ukrepanju ob znakih zastrupitve z gobami.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;amatoksinski sindrom;zdravstvena oskrba;zastupljenci;medicinske sestre;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [A. Erjavec]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5597547 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1151
Downloads: 344
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂdeath cap poisoning and first aid
Secondary abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction: The main cause of mushrooms poisoning is the ingestion of poisonous mushrooms after substitution with edible. Most deadly poisonings in Slovenia occur after ingesting Death Cap whose deadly poison amatoxin can cause hepatic failure. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma is to present the poisoning with Death Cap and appropriate first aid and treatment. The aims are to define the concepts of poisonous mushrooms, toxins and poisoning, to describe the symptoms and signs of poisoning with amatoxins and symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal syndrome, to present epidemiological data and frequency of mushroom poisoning, to describe first aid and emergency treatment after poisoning with Death Cap, to define the nurses role and to identify key preventive measures to prevent mushroom poisoning. Methods: A systematic review of scientific literature in Slovene and English language, published in the period between 2008 and 2018, was conducted. For basic literature in Slovenian language a national bibliographiccatalog database COBISS + was used. The basic literature in English was searched using the CINAHL, PubMed and Google scholar databases. Results: First aid in Death Cap poisoning begins at community with identification of poisoning, emergency life saving measures, removing poison from the oral cavity and the Regional Information Center call (telephone number 112) to activate a team of emergency medical help. Emergency treatment of amatoxin poisoning is symptomatic, encompassing the prevention of absorption of amatoxins, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and the prevention of liver cells damage with antidot. Acute liver failure is treated with transplantation. Discussion and conclusion: The Death Cap is one of the most toxic mushrooms in Slovenia. In order to ensure the health of population, the key is prevention of poisoning. In case of poisoning appropriate first aid is the key for good treatment outcome. Nurses are involved in first aid, emergency medical care and treatment: in the role of a dispatcher, a member of the emergency medical team in first aid, a member of the medical team at the Emergency Center and a member of the health team at the hospital department. Their role is to participate in the diagnostic and therapeutic program according to the doctor's instructions, to constantly monitor the symptoms and signs of poisoning and to report the changes in patient's health. In nursing continuous education and good knowledge of toxicology is important, as the amatoxin syndrome is very similar to the gastrointestinal, caused by ingestion of less toxic mushrooms. At the end of the hospital treatment nurses role is to teach the poisoned person and relatives about the principles of safe mushrooming and appropriate first aid when signs of poisoning with mushrooms occur.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;amatoxin syndrome;medical treatment;poisoned persons;nurses;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 27 str.
ID: 11061109