diplomska naloga
Tjaša Kovačič (Author), Gregor Omejec (Reviewer), Živa Majcen Rošker (Mentor)

Abstract

Pri vzravnani drži gre za aktivnost telesa, ki je vodena preko aktivnega, pasivnega in nevralnega podsistema. Ravnotežje s pomočjo aktivacije mišic ohranja center mase telesa znotraj podporne ploskve. Delimo ga na statično in dinamično. V raziskavi smo opazovali statično ravnotežje, za katerega velja, da je najbolj ključno pri ohranjanju mirne stoje, pri čemer je glavna funkcija ohranjanje STP in centra mase telesa vertikalno nad podporno ploskvijo z minimalnim odstopanjem centra masnega središča. Na podlagi vnaprej prebrane literature smo se odločili za štiri kinezioterapevtske intervencije: (i) izvajanje krepilnih vaj za mišice medeničnega dna, (ii) izvajanje vaj za napenjanje m. transversus abdominis, (iii) izvajanje vaj za krepitev bracinga in (iv) izvajanje vaj za povečevanje togosti torakolumbalne fascie. Vse meritve smo izvedli na zdravi populaciji z namenom ugotovitve, kako kinezioterapevtske intervencije vplivajo na ohranjevanje unilateralne stoje. Namen diplomske naloge je bil proučiti razlike v vplivu in trajanju učinka štirih različnih kinezioterapevtskih intervencij na ravnotežje med unilateralno stojo. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 40 preiskovancev povprečne starosti 28,39 ± 9,34 let. Merili smo STP telesa na podlago v medialno-lateralni in anteriorno-posteriorni smeri. Meritve so bile zajete s pomočjo tenziometrične plošče. Pri primerjavi odprtih in zaprtih oči smo dobili statistično značilne podatke v obeh smereh gibanja (p <0,05). Nihanje v anteriorno-posteriorni smeri je imelo velik učinek (η2 >0,26). Prav tako je bil velik učinek med kinezioterapevtsko intervencijo abdominalni bracing in torakolumbalno fascio (d >0,80). Pri primerjavi leve in desne noge smo dobili statistično značilne podatke v anteriorno-posteriorni smeri in medialno-lateralni smeri nihanja STP (p <0,05). V obeh primerih je prišlo do srednje velikega učinka (η2 >0,13). Po končani študiji smo prišli do ugotovitve, da imajo vse štiri kinezioterapevtske intervencije pozitiven vpliv na ohranjanje unilateralne stoje. Skupina, ki je uporabljala vaje za povečevanje togosti torakolumbalne fascie, je prikazala najboljši vpliv. Prav tako ne vpliva pomen leve in desne noge na ohranjevanje unilateralne stoje, kot smo sprva predvidevali, ima pa zelo velik vpliv vidni dotok, ki veliko bolj vpliva na nihanje STP. V prihodnje bi bilo priporočljivo uporabiti kinematiko, s katero bi lahko gledali spremembo centra mase. Z večjim številom preiskovancev bi poskrbeli za večjo homogenost med raziskovalnimi skupinami.

Keywords

stabilnost;strategije ravnotežja;unilateralna stoja;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Publisher: [T. Kovačič]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 2048018291 Link will open in a new window
Views: 194
Downloads: 16
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Effects of different trunk stabilization strategies on balance during singe legged stance
Secondary abstract: An upright posture is defined as an activity of a body, which is guided over by the active, passive and neural subsystem. Balance can be defined as a concept or an activity of a body, which is specific for muscle activation that keeps the centre of body mass within the support surface. It can be divided into static or dynamic balance. In this study, we observed static balance, that is considered crucial for maintaining quiet stance, where the main function is to maintain the STP and the body mass with minimal deviation of the mass centre in vertical projection above the support surface. On the basis of pre-read literature, we decided to test four kinesiotherapeutic interventions; (i) pelvic floor muscle exercises, (ii) performing muscle activation exercises for M. transversus abdominis, (iii) performing bracing manoeuvre exercises and (iv) performing exercises to increase the rigidity of the thoracolumbar fascia. All measurements were performed on healthy subjects in order to determine the effect of the kinesiotherapeutic interventions on preservation of unilateral standing. The purpose of this research is to study the differences in the impact and duration of the effect of four different kinesiotherapeutic interventions on balance during unilateral standing. The study involved 40 subjects, with an average age of 28, 39 ± 9.34 years. We measured the STP in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction. The measurements were captured using a force plate. Statistically significant correlation in both directions of movement were found between open and closed eyes (p <0.05). The oscillation in the anterior-posterior direction had a great effect (η2 >0.26). Also, there was a great difference between two of the kinesiotherapeutic interventions, abdominal bracing and thoracolumbar fascia (d >0.80). When comparing the left and right leg, we obtained statistically significant data in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions of STP oscillation (p <0.05). In both cases, there was a medium effect (η2 >0.13). After completing the study, we have come to the conclusion that all four kinesiotherapeutic interventions have a positive effect on maintaining unilateral stance. However, the best effect was in the research group in which we increased the rigidity of the thoracolumbar fascia. It also does not affect the purpose of the left and right leg to preserve unilateral standing, as we had initially anticipated. However, it has a very high impact on the visible sensation, which has a much better effect on the STP oscillation. In future studies, it is recommended to use kinematics to investigate changes in the centre of mass. With a greater number of subjects, more homogeneity between the research groups would be ensured.
Secondary keywords: stability;balance strategies;unilateral stance;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0020382
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Visokošolski zavod Fizioterapevtika
Pages: V, 33 str, [3] str. pril.
ID: 11216305