diplomsko delo
Katja Rašl (Author), Tina Levec (Reviewer), Tomaž Lampe (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: V državah v razvoju je invalidnost pogosto povezana z revščino, ki je posledica slabe vključenosti v izobraževanje, delo in nesodelovanja v skupnosti. Podporna tehnologija lahko ima pozitiven socialno-ekonomski učinek na življenja ljudi s primanjkljaji, s tem da izboljša dostop do izobrazbe in omogoči doseganje več ciljev. Kljub tem pozitivnim rezultatom je dostop do podporne tehnologije zelo omejen. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti stanje in na enem mestu zbrati podatke o oskrbi z ortotičnimi pripomočki v državah v razvoju. Še posebej smo se osredotočili na dostopnost ortotičnih storitev, mobilnost pacientov in zadovoljstvo z ortozami. Metode dela: Uporabili smo metodo pregleda literature. Za iskanje literature smo uporabljali iskalnika Google Scholar in Pub Med. Pomagali smo si z naprednim iskanjem, kjer smo iskali po ključnih besedah: orthotics, assistive technology, orthopaedic devices, developing countries, low income countries, orthotic treatment. Izključili smo literaturo s ključnimi besedami: prosthetics, elderly, diabetes. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili tudi spletno stran Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije, kjer smo prav tako uporabili napredno iskanje z enakimi ključnimi besedami. Rezultati: Dostop do rehabilitacije je odvisen od števila primerno usposobljenih strokovnjakov, ki odgovarjajo na potrebe prebivalstva. Za izboljšanje stanja v slabše razvitih regijah in državah je potrebno povečati število rehabilitacijskega osebja že na primarni ravni z več vlaganja v izobraževalne programe ter spodbujanje prakse. Primerna tehnologija za države v razvoju mora biti finančno dosegljiva in vizualno ne sme izstopati v uporabnikovem okolju. Obstajajo različne poceni tehnologije za ortotične rešitve. Tak primer so tradicionalne kovinske ortoze. Pogosto se jih izdeluje v Malaviju in Sierri Leone, najpogosteje za paciente z otroško paralizo. Pod okriljem Mednarodnega komiteja Rdečega križa se za izdelavo pripomočkov uporablja tudi polipropilenska tehnologija. Večina ortotičnih in protetičnih pacientov poroča, da uporaba pripomočkov pripomore k boljši mobilnosti. Dostop do popravila in nadaljnjih pregledov in storitev so se pacientom zdeli izredno pomembni. Pacienti, ki uporabljajo nadkolenske ortotične pripomočke so bili s storitvami manj zadovoljni kot pacienti s podkolenskimi pripomočki. Razprava in zaključek: Mednarodne organizacije se s svojimi strategijami trudijo zagotoviti primerne in dostopne pripomočke ljudem, ki jih potrebujejo. Potrebno bi bilo izboljšati ortotično-protetično izobraževanje s prilagajanjem vsebin izobraževalnega programa, povečanjem znanja profesorjev, izboljšanjem dostopa do informacij in ozaveščanjem problema neenakosti med spoloma.

Keywords

diplomska dela;ortotika in protetika;ortoze;ortotična oskrba;države v razvoju;države tretjega sveta;tehnični pripomočki;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [K. Rašl]
UDC: 617.3
COBISS: 5684587 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Orthotic treatment in the developing countries
Secondary abstract: Introduction: In developing countries disability is often associated with poverty, which is a result of poor inclusion in education, work, and non-participation in the community. Supportive technology can have a positive socio-economic impact on the lives of people with deficits by improving access to education and thereby helping to achieve multiple goals. Despite of the aforementioned positive results, access to support technology is very limited. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to assess the situation and gather all the available data on the supply of orthotic devices in developing countries. We focused mainly on the availability of orthotic services, patient mobility and satisfaction with orthoses. Methods: The method we used is literature review. To search for literature, we used Google Scholar and Pub Med search engines. We used advanced search option and searched for the keywords: orthotics, assistive technology, orthopaedic devices, developing countries, low income countries, orthotic treatment. We excluded literature with keywords: prosthetics, elderly, diabetes. In addition to those two search engines, we also used the World Health Organization’s website, where we also used advanced search option with the same keywords. Results: Access to rehabilitation depends on the number of appropriately trained professionals who respond to the needs of the population. In order to improve the situation in less developed regions, it is necessary to increase the number of rehabilitation staff at the primary level by investing in more educational programs and promoting practice. Technology that is appropriate for developing countries must be financially accessible and must not visually stand out in the user’s environment. There are various inexpensive technologies for orthotic solutions. One example are traditional metal orthoses, that are often made in Malawi and Sierra Leone, most commonly for polio patients. Under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross, devices are also being made using polypropylene technology. Majority of orthotic and prosthetic patients report that the use of devices helps to improve their mobility. Access to repair and follow-up examinations and services appeared to be extremely important to them. Patients using above-knee orthoses were, in comparison to patients using below-knee orthoses, less satisfied with services. Discussion and conclusion: Using different strategies, international organizations strive to provide suitable and accessible devices to people who need them. Orthotic and prosthetic education should be improved by adapting the contents of educational program, increasing the knowledge of professors, improving access to information and raising awareness of the problem of gender inequality.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;orthotics and prosthetics;orthoses;orthotic care;developing countries;third world countries;technical devices;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za protetiko
Pages: 28 str.
ID: 11223609