Vpliv osebnostnih lastnosti na pričanje in nezavedne napake pri pričanju

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Anita Klemenčič (Author), Peter Umek (Mentor)

Abstract

Pričanje je pri preiskovanju nekaterih kaznivih dejanj ali nesreč eno izmed ključnih načinov pridobivanja informacij, zato je pomembno, da je pričanje resnično oz. verodostojno. Povsem razumljivo je dejstvo, da pričanje ne more biti popolna kopija dogajanja, saj je spominski priklic lahko le približek resničnosti. Vendar pa je ob pomanjkanju materialnih dokazov, pričanje bistvenega pomena, posledica napačnega pričanja pa je lahko otežena preiskava, v najhujšem primeru pa celo obsodba napačne osebe. Kakovost pričanja je v veliki meri odvisna od posameznikovega spomina, spomin pa je odvisen od usmerjene pozornosti in zaznavanja dogodka. Vsak posameznik namreč okolico zaznava drugače, različni ljudje pa so v istem trenutku pozorni na različne stvari. Tako do nezavednih napak v spominu lahko pride že med samim pridobivanjem informacij ali pa kasneje med obdelavo in pojasnjevanjem informacij. Poleg spomina, zaznavanja in pozornosti na verodostojnost pričanja vplivajo tudi osebnostne lastnosti. V diplomskem delu je opisano kako na verodostojnost pričanja vplivajo spol, starost, sugestibilnost, življenjska zgodovina in čustva očividca. Tako kot je pri oceni verodostojnosti pričanja potrebno zaznavanje, pozornost in spominski priklic razumeti kot celoto, je tudi pri vplivu osebnostnih značilnosti na pričanje potrebno razumeti, da na kakovost pričanja nikoli ne vpliva samo ena osebnostna lastnost. Verodostojnost pričanja za posamezne očividce se ne sme ocenjevati na podlagi raziskav o vplivu osebnostnih lastnosti na pričanje, saj se vsaka oseba na pričanje odzove drugače. Prav tako se, na podlagi osebnostnih lastnosti, za nobenega očividca ne sme predpostavljati, da je verodostojna priča, pač pa je potrebno preiskovalce, policiste, sodnike in ostale izobraziti o možnostih spominskih popačenj in dejavnikih, ki vplivajo na pričanje.

Keywords

diplomske naloge;verodostojnost pričanja;očividci;osebnostne lastnosti;spomin;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2019
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[A. Klemenčič]
UDC:	159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS:	3768042
Views:	645
Downloads:	85
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The influence of personality traits on testimony and involuntary mistakes on testimony
Secondary abstract:	Testimony is one of the vital means of obtaining information in the investigation of certain crimes or accidents. Thus, it is important that the testimony is genuine and credible. It is understandable that the testimony can not be an absolute copy of the events because the retrieval of memory can only be an approximation to reality. Nevertheless, in the case of a lack of material evidence, the testimony is of fundamental importance for the investigation. The consequences of perjury can be an obstructed investigation or even a sentence of the wrong person. The quality of the testimony largely depends on the individual's memory, and the memory depends on the focus of attention and the perception of the event. Each individual perceives their surroundings differently, and different people pay attention to different things at the same time. Involuntary memory mistakes can occur during the process of obtaining information or later during the process of processing and explaining the information. In addition to memory, perception and attention, the credibility of the testimony is also influenced by personality traits. The text below describes how the credibility of the testimony is influenced by gender, age, suggestibility, life history, and eyewitness’s feelings. Just as perception, attention and memory recall need to be understood as a whole in the assessment of the credibility of the testimony, it is also important to understand that the quality of the testimony is never influenced by a single personality trait. The credibility of the testimony of an individual eyewitness must not be evaluated on the basis of research about the effects of personality traits on the testimony, because each person responds differently to a testimony. Also, rather than presuming whether an eyewitness is a credible witness based on personality traits, investigators, police officers, judges, and others need to be educated about the possibilities of memory distortions and other factors affecting testimony.
Secondary keywords:	credibility of testimony;eyewitnesses;personality traits;memory;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	V, 41 str.
ID:	11236740